Investigation of the effect of foaming process parameters on expanded thermoplastic polyurethane bead foams properties using response surface methodology

Zhou, Dong; Wang, Guojian; Wang, Mouhua

doi:10.1002/app.46327

Cited by 29 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Hence, the lower melting crystals melt and allow polymer chains to diffuse between the bead interfaces leading to linkage of them, while the unmolten higher melting peak crystals stabilize and retain the foam structure. Also, favorable for the later processing in steam chest molding would be the formation of broader melting peaks, as reported for thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) foams. − Alternatively, amorphous bead foams such as EPS can be easily molded by heating them above their glass transition temperature T g , leading to sufficient interbead diffusion of polymer chains and consequently to bead fusion …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Bead Foam from an Engineering Polymer with Addition of Chain Extender: Expanded Polybutylene Terephthalate

Standau

Hädelt

Schreier

et al. 2018

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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In this work, the development of a bead foam from the engineering polymer polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) in a continuous process is described. The polymer was chemically modified by means of multifunctional epoxy chain extender (CE) to improve the rheological properties, the foaming behavior, and the fusion of the beads. Shear experiments indicated the formation of branched structures as a result of the chemical modification. Viscosity and melt strength were increased due to the chain extender. Also, strain hardening was observed for PBT modified with CE. It was shown that modified PBT has enhanced foaming behavior; namely, a higher expansion and more homogeneous and finer cell morphology were achieved. For the first time, expanded polybutylene terephthalate bead foams (E-PBT) were produced and welded in a steam chest molding process. The parts from steam chest molded beads showed a density down to 170 kg/m3. An optimum concentration of chain extender in terms of expansion and welding behavior was identified as 1 wt %.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Bead Foam from an Engineering Polymer with Addition of Chain Extender: Expanded Polybutylene Terephthalate

Standau

Hädelt

Schreier

et al. 2018

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There was an interaction effect between saturation temperature and soaking time, wherein the expansion ratio of the foams was more sensitive to changes in soaking time at higher temperatures. As the soaking time increased, the shrinkage of PUs foams increased first and then leveled off, and the cell diameter decreased significantly [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Response Methodology-Based Mixture Design to Study the Influence of Polyol Blend Composition on Polyurethanes’ Properties

2018

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Polyurethanes are materials with a strong structure-property relationship. The goal of this research was to study the effect of a polyol blend composition of polyurethanes on its properties using a mixture design and setting mathematic models for each property. Water absorption, hydrolytic degradation, contact angle, tensile strength hardness and modulus were studied. Additionally, thermal stability was studied by thermogravimetric analysis. Area under the curve was used to evaluate the effect of polyol blend composition on thermal stability and kinetics of water absorption and hydrolytic degradation. Least squares were used to calculate the regression coefficients. Models for the properties were significant, and lack of fit was not (p < 0.05). Fit statistics suggest both good fitting and prediction. Water absorption, hydrolytic degradation and contact angle were mediated by the hydrophilic nature of the polyols. Tensile strength, modulus and hardness could be regulated by the PE content and the characteristics of polyols. Regression of DTG curves from thermal analysis showed improvement of thermal stability with the increase of PCL and PE. An ANOVA test of the model terms demonstrated that three component influences on bulk properties like water absorption, hydrolytic degradation, hardness, tensile strength and modulus. The PEG*PCL interaction influences on the contact angle, which is a surface property. Mixture design application allowed for an understanding of the structure-property relationship through mathematic models.

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“…Chen et al developed a comprehensive model for discussing the shrinkage phenomenon of TPU foams [28]. Zhao et al investigated the effect of foaming operating parameters using response surface methodology to screen the design space to generate TPU foam with a stable structure [29]. To deal with the foam shrinkage issue, a heat treatment by compounding the received TPU pellets was tested to enhance the homogeneity and modify the crystalline domain of the raw material.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Microcellular Foams by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: A Case Study of Thermoplastic Polyurethane 70A

et al. 2021

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In this study, a case study to produce microcellular foam of a commercial thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) through the supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) foaming process is presented. To explore the feasibility of TPU in medical device and biomedical application, a soft TPU with Shore hardness value of 70A was selected as the model compound. The effects of saturation temperature and saturation pressure ranging from 90 to 140 °C and 90 to 110 bar on the expansion ratio, cell size and cell density of the TPU foam were compared and discussed. Regarding the expansion ratio, the effect of saturation temperature was considerable and an intermediate saturation temperature of 100 °C was favorable to produce TPU microcellular foam with a high expansion ratio. On the other hand, the mean pore size and cell density of TPU foam can be efficiently manipulated by adjusting the saturation pressure. A high saturation pressure was beneficial to obtain TPU foam with small mean pore size and high cell density. This case study shows that the expansion ratio of TPU microcellular foam could be designed as high as 4.4. The cell size and cell density could be controlled within 12–40 μm and 5.0 × 107–1.3 × 109 cells/cm3, respectively.

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Investigation of the effect of foaming process parameters on expanded thermoplastic polyurethane bead foams properties using response surface methodology

Cited by 29 publications

References 28 publications

Development of a Bead Foam from an Engineering Polymer with Addition of Chain Extender: Expanded Polybutylene Terephthalate

Development of a Bead Foam from an Engineering Polymer with Addition of Chain Extender: Expanded Polybutylene Terephthalate

Surface Response Methodology-Based Mixture Design to Study the Influence of Polyol Blend Composition on Polyurethanes’ Properties

Preparation of Microcellular Foams by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: A Case Study of Thermoplastic Polyurethane 70A

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