Investigation of the effect of laminated polymers in the metallic packaging materials on the recycling of aluminum by thermal disengagement technology (TDT)

Mahmood, Abdullah Al; Hossain, Rumana; Sahajwalla, Veena

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122541

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…The basic statistical analysis of the general model ( 1) used to predict the investigated response y depending on the change of the investigated independent variables xi in nominal (state) and ordinal scales (recycled amount) was performed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method. The analysis of variance for the investigated parameter y represents a basic statistical analysis of the suitability of the general model used (1).…”

Section: Statistical Analysis Of the Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of Physical Methods for the Detection of a Thermally Degraded Recycled Material in Plastic Parts Made of Polypropylene Copolymer

et al. 2021

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The paper deals with the possibility of applying physical methods to detect a thermally degraded recycled material in plastic parts made of polypropylene. Standard methods of evaluating the mechanical properties of the material under static tensile and bending stress, as well as under dynamic impact stress using the Charpy method, were used for the experimental measurements. The rheological properties of materials were monitored using a method involving measuring the melt flow index, while their thermal properties and oxidative stability were monitored using differential scanning calorimetry. Based on the methods used, it can be clearly stated that the most suitable technique for detecting thermally degraded recycled material in polypropylene is the method involving establishing the melt flow index. The bending test seems to be the most suitable method for detecting recycled material by measuring the material’s mechanical properties. Similarly to the melt volume flow rate (MVR) method, it was possible to unambiguously detect the presence of even a small amount of recycled material in the whole from measuring the material’s bending properties. It is clear from the results that in the short term, there may be no change in the useful properties of the parts, but in the long term the presence of degraded recycled material will have adverse consequences on their lifespan.

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Section: Statistical Analysis Of the Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total polymer degradation and dissociation of volatiles in the PLAP material was achieved at 550 °C within 20 min of the heating process. The result of the investigation was a finding that the oxidation rate of unlaminated aluminum is 70–90% higher compared to aluminum recycled from the PLAP material [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Physical Methods for the Detection of a Thermally Degraded Recycled Material in Plastic Parts Made of Polypropylene Copolymer

et al. 2021

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“…During the final production stage, they are punched and cut to the desired shape and size, leaving behind a large amount of waste rich in valuable Cu metal. This Cu could be recovered by a thermal disengagement technique (TDT) and be further used in other industrial applications 2 , 3 . In this study, we have used Cu recovered from waste FPCBs to synthesise CuO nanomaterial and evaluated the performance of the synthesised material thermodynamic water splitting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Value-added fabrication of NiO-doped CuO nanoflakes from waste flexible printed circuit board for advanced photocatalytic application

Hossain

Nekouei

Mahmood

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The disposal of electronic waste (e-waste) presents a number of environmental problems. However, there are great opportunities to use this problem waste as a source of value-added metals. These metals could be recovered and transformed for use in beneficial applications, such as the manufacture of nanomaterials for the generation of hydrogen through thermodynamic water-splitting. This study used microrecycling techniques to synthesise Nitrogen oxide (NiO) doped copper oxide (CuO) nanoflakes from waste flexible printed circuit boards (FPCBs) using microrecycling techniques. Several precise characterisation and experimental analysis were used to validate the synthesised nanoflakes’ phase purity, surface chemistry, morphology and optical properties. XRD analysis confirmed the nanoflakes produced in the system were predominantly Tenorite, CuO (98.5% ± 4.5) with a dopant of NiO (1.5% ± 0.1). The nanoflakes had a specific surface area of 115.703 m2/g and mesoporous structure with an average pore diameter of 11 nm. HRTEM analysis confirmed that the nanoflakes were not a single structure but assembled from 2D nanorods. The width of the nanorods varied from ∼ 10 to 50 nm, and the length from ∼ 30 to 80 nm. After rapid thermal processing, the photocurrent response of the synthesised material was assessed, revealing a higher photocurrent density (− 1.9 mA/cm2 at 0.6 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) under 1.5G AM). Mott Schottky analysis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed that the synthesised nanomaterial had the potential thermodynamic water-splitting capability. These results were an encouraging indication of the promise of techniques which use e-waste to produce nanomaterials with valuable properties. This has the potential to both decrease problem waste and preserves dwindling natural resources.

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“…Previous SMaRT Centre studies have suggested TDT as a new technology to recycle polymer-laminated aluminum (LAl) packaging waste material 15 and explored the effects of different types of polymeric laminations with similar types of LAl packaging materials. 16 TDT combines different aids to eliminate the shortcomings of traditional smelting and other chemical and pyrolysis techniques when recycling LMs. Most importantly, these previous studies revealed that TDT minimized the oxidation of Al and extracted a greater yield of high-quality Al from polymer−metal multilayer waste packaging materials than with other recycling techniques.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous SMaRT Centre studies have suggested TDT as a new technology to recycle polymer-laminated aluminum (LAl) packaging waste material and explored the effects of different types of polymeric laminations with similar types of LAl packaging materials . TDT combines different aids to eliminate the shortcomings of traditional smelting and other chemical and pyrolysis techniques when recycling LMs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Solution for Recycling Hazardous Flexible Plastic-Laminated Metal Packaging Waste To Produce Value-Added Metal Alloys

Hossain

Mahmood

Sahajwalla

2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Flexible laminated metals (LMs) made of multilayer polymers and metals are favorable for packaging materials due to their flexibility, low cost, durability, and resistance to corrosion and breaking. However, the complexities of recycling these multimaterials means they are usually deposited in a landfill and hazardous for the environment. This research explores thermal disengagement technology (TDT)an innovative and effective technique for recycling hazardous multilayer materials irrespective of their type and qualities. This process successfully extracted high-quality metals from the accrued metals and polymers. The surface oxidation of the recycled metals was low, and the loss of metal quantity was insignificant. A small amount of CO2 and a significant amount of fuel gases (H2 and CH4) were released during the process. This study also investigated the synthesis of biofuel during the thermal degradation of the laminated polymers. The emitted gas was analyzed with a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MC) and found to consist mainly of aromatic compounds. This research shows that TDT could be used to effectively and economically recycle any kind of market-available flexible metal–polymer multilayer material. This will improve its environmental sustainability by reducing landfill waste as well as the economic benefits of recovering valuable metals and fuel gases.

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Investigation of the effect of laminated polymers in the metallic packaging materials on the recycling of aluminum by thermal disengagement technology (TDT)

Cited by 17 publications

References 78 publications

Application of Physical Methods for the Detection of a Thermally Degraded Recycled Material in Plastic Parts Made of Polypropylene Copolymer

Application of Physical Methods for the Detection of a Thermally Degraded Recycled Material in Plastic Parts Made of Polypropylene Copolymer

Value-added fabrication of NiO-doped CuO nanoflakes from waste flexible printed circuit board for advanced photocatalytic application

Facile Solution for Recycling Hazardous Flexible Plastic-Laminated Metal Packaging Waste To Produce Value-Added Metal Alloys

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