Investigation of the crystal chemical and ferroelectric properties in the vicinity of LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 inside the ternary systems Li2ONb2O5(TiO2)2 and Li2OTa2O5(SnO2)2

Comparative analysis of electronic structure of and surfaces

“…As a result of incorporation of titanium ions into LN crystal lattice a Ti:LN solid solution is formed. Upper limits of titanium solubility in LN reported in the literature are very high and achieve $ 12-20 mol% depending on Li/Nb ratio [1][2][3][4]. Chemical formula of the solutions is very complex because of necessity to account Li deficiency and Ti introduction concurrently.…”

“…(b) XPS detailed spectra for the O 1s core level for initial (1) and bombarded(2) surfaces. (c) XPS spectra of the (Ti 2p-Nb 3s) binding energy range for initial (1) and bombarded (2) surfaces.…”