Investigation of the chemical structure of the HMX flame

Коробейничев, О. П.; Куйбида, Л. В.; Madirbaev, V. Zh.

doi:10.1007/bf00782908

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The rates of water release in these experiments are higher than those which may be due to reactions (l0) and (11). Other reactions that may explain the higher rate of water release at the acceleratory stage include the formation of amide polymers by condensation reactions.…”

Section: Computer Modeling Experimental Data Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Mass-spectrometric measurements of RDX (10) and HMX (11) in low-pressure¯ames show that the gas above the surface of the burning propellant contains a signi®cant fraction of HCN. It was noticed that the products of pyrolysis under these low-pressure conditions are different from those obtained by thermal decomposition experiments at slow heating rates.…”

Section: Computer Modeling Experimental Data Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Computer Modeling of Probable Decomposition Reactions: Cyclonitramines

Pivina

Sokerina

Lushnikov

et al. 1999

Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics

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SummaryAn approach to computer synthesis and retrosynthesis of organic compounds was formulated, and the CASB (Computer-Assisted Structure Building) software for its computer implementation was created. The approach was evaluated by the example of computer generation of probable routes for reactions of homolytic decomposition. Elementary steps of homolysis reactions were modeled with the use of the``retrosynthetic'' method. Each elementary reaction describes fragments that should be present in the structure and structural modi®cations that should be carried out to obtain reaction products. Target fragments are described in terms of production rules by specifying types of atoms, their formal charges and radical states, numbers of adjacent heteroatoms, hybridizations, etc. All possible intermediates of molecular homolysis reactions are generated by the program in a single step and then used in further search for probable pathways of decomposition during subsequent steps until the given maximum number of steps is achieved. Screening of advantageous pathways for these reactions was based on a set of empirical rules. The results obtained by the suggested approach and the corresponding program were illustrated by the example of some cyclic nitramines (RDX and HMX) and demonstrated good agreement with the experiment.

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Section: Computer Modeling Experimental Data Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Computer Modeling Experimental Data Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computer Modeling of Probable Decomposition Reactions: Cyclonitramines

Pivina

Sokerina

Lushnikov

et al. 1999

Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics

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“…In the second, hightemperature zone, the main reaction is the oxidation of hydrogen cyanide by nitric oxide to the formation of the final products CO, N 2 , and H 2 . In [14,15], it was found that this reaction is the main one in the high-temperature zone of RDX [14] and HMX [15] flames. Thus, nitramine/GAP flames are dominated by the same reactions as in flames of pure nitramines.…”

Section: Chemical Flame Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, nitramine/GAP flames are dominated by the same reactions as in flames of pure nitramines. In nitramine flames, the widths of the zones of consumption of CH 2 O and NO 2 coincide, HCN is completely consumed, and NO is present in the final combustion products [14,15]. GAP affects the flame structure of the propellants in such way that the zone of CH 2 O consumption becomes larger than the zone of NO 2 consumption and the zone of HCN consumption is larger than the zone of NO consumption.…”

Section: Chemical Flame Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular-beam mass-spectrometric study of the flame structure of composite propellants based on nitramines and glycidyl azide polymer at a pressure of 1 MPa

Volkov

Paletsky

Tereshchenko

et al. 2006

Combust Explos Shock Waves

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“…The study was performed at an air pressure p = 1 atm. The HMX flame structure has been studied previously by various methods [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] but it is still insufficiently understood. In particular, model concepts on the mechanism of HMX combustion [14,15] assume the presence of HMX vapor (HMX v ) in the gas phase but available experimental data neither support nor refute the presence of the vapor in the flame.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HMX flame structure for combustion in air at a pressure of 1 atm

Paletsky

Volkov

Коробейничев

2008

Combust Explos Shock Waves

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The chemical structure of HMX flame during combustion in air at a pressure of 1 atm was calculated using molecular beam mass spectrometric sampling. HMX vapor was recorded for the first time near the burning surface. A total of 11 species were identified in the HMX flame (H 2 , H 2 O, HCN, N 2 , CO, CH 2 O, NO, N 2 O, CO 2 , NO 2 , and HMX vapor), and their concentration profiles were measured. The HMX combustion was unstable. The species concentration profiles exhibit periodic pulsations related to variation in the HMX burning rate. The HMX flame structure at various distances to the burning surface was determined using the average value of the burning rate. Two main zones of chemical reactions in the flame were found. In the first zone ≈0.8 mm wide adjacent to the burning surface, HMX vapor decomposes and NO 2 , N 2 O, and CH 2 O react with each other to form HCN and NO. In the second zone ≈0.8-1.5 mm wide, HCN was oxidized by nitric oxide to form the final combustion products. The composition of the final combustion products was analyzed. The global reaction of HMX gasification at a pressure of 1 atm was established. Heat release values in the condensed phase calculated by the global gasification reaction and by the equation of heat balance on the burning surface (using literature data from microthermocouple measurements) were analyzed and compared.

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Investigation of the chemical structure of the HMX flame

Cited by 12 publications

References 6 publications

Computer Modeling of Probable Decomposition Reactions: Cyclonitramines

Computer Modeling of Probable Decomposition Reactions: Cyclonitramines

Molecular-beam mass-spectrometric study of the flame structure of composite propellants based on nitramines and glycidyl azide polymer at a pressure of 1 MPa

HMX flame structure for combustion in air at a pressure of 1 atm

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