Investigation of the catalytic activity and reaction kinetic modeling of two antimony catalysts in the synthesis of poly(ethylene furanoate)

Abstract

In the last decades, the interest in the synthesis and development of novel biobased polymers with interesting properties, able to compete with the existing petroleum-based polymers has grown exponentially. 2,5-furandicarboxylic...

Recent advances in the development of green furan ring-containing polymeric materials based on renewable plant biomass

“…48 However, PEF has only moderate thermal stability and suffers from a slow crystallization rate, poor crystallinity and associated brittleness due to the peculiarities of its crystal structure. [49][50][51] These disadvantages can be partially solved by variation in material processing and controllable polymerization under different conditions [52][53][54][55][56] with various metal and organic catalysts, [57][58][59][60][61][62][63] isothermal crystallization of PEF, 64 or mixing with stabilizing additives. 65 Another development direction for modifying the properties of furanic polyesters is FDCA (co)polymerization with other diols and diacids -an extensive number of reports on the synthesis of other poly(alkylene/arylene 2,5-furandicarboxylates) (PAFs) have been published recently, as well as on polymers derived from several carboxylic monomers.…”

Synthetic (bio)degradable polymers – when does recycling fail?

“…183 PEF is synthesized from bio-based 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) as opposed to fossil-based TPA, and ethylene glycol through a typical two-step melt polycondensation procedure (Scheme 11) applying high temperature (>200 °C), vacuum, and long reaction times and using metal-based catalysts. 184,185 Nevertheless, greener synthesis has been proposed, either using ROP in less than 30 min, 186,187 or using ionic liquids or non-metal catalysts. 188,189 PEF is expected to reach several markets, with applications in packaging, mainly in the form of bottles for soft drinks (being 31 times less permeable to CO 2 than PET); other potential applications comprise textiles and as films.…”

“…PEF is synthesized from bio-based 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) as opposed to fossil-based TPA, and ethylene glycol through a typical two-step melt polycondensation procedure (Scheme 11) applying high temperature (>200 °C), vacuum, and long reaction times and using metal-based catalysts. 184,185 Nevertheless, greener synthesis has been proposed, either using ROP in less than 30 min, 186,187 or using ionic liquids or non-metal catalysts. 188,189…”

Enzymatic Polymerization as a Green Approach to Synthesizing Bio-Based Polyesters

“…Furan-based polyesters have been gaining popularity very recently and their conventional synthesis has started to be studied. Papadopoulos et al [96] synthesized PEF from FDCA and ethylene glycol (EG) and tested two different antimony catalysts (antimony oxide and antimony acetate) and different reaction temperatures while applying a two-step polycondensation method. The authors concluded that for the first step of the polymerization, i.e., the esterification of FDCA with EG to afford PEF oligomers, Sb 2 O 3 was more active than Sb(CH 3 COO) 3 at lower temperatures (160 • C), while in the second step of the polymerization, Sb 2 O 3 exhibited the highest activity.…”