Investigation of the Binding Properties of the Cosmetic Peptide Argireline and Its Derivatives Towards Copper(II) Ions

A combination therapy for androgenic alopecia based on quercetin and zinc/copper dual-doped mesoporous silica nanocomposite microneedle patch

“…Also, Zn 2+ acts as a commonly used anti-inflammatory agent since it takes a crucial part in the antioxidant defense system, and it has been reported to induce and maintain an anti-inflammatory microenvironment after being administrated for different tissue repairs including skin [ 17 ]. Apart from Zn 2+ , Cu 2+ also plays a vital role in hair follicles as it can be combined with the human tri-peptide glycyl- l -histidyl- l -lysine in the hair follicles, and further increase the size of the hair follicle, thereby inhibiting hair loss [ [18] , [19] , [20] ]. Furthermore, Cu 2+ can promote blood vessel formation in skin wounds by up-regulating the angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which may benefit the regeneration of hair follicles [ 21 ].…”

Design of a Multifunctional Biomaterial Inspired by Ancient Chinese Medicine for Hair Regeneration in Burned Skin

“…More interestingly, it is known that some flavonoids can chelate with metal ions, and the bioactivity of the formed flavonoid metal ion chelates may have higher bioactivity than the nonchelated flavonoids. − Another interesting fact is that three of the four herbs of the Chinese herbal formula contain quercetin (Qu), one of the flavonoids, which has been found to have the function of protecting hair follicles, preventing androgenetic alopecia , and stimulating hair follicle-related cells to differentiate into hair follicle tissues in damaged skin . In addition, all the four herbs contain trace element copper, and previous studies have shown that Cu 2+ , as an indispensable trace element in hair, which is also one of the trace metal elements in the formula, can enlarge the hair follicles and promote rapid hair growth. − …”

Chemical and biological properties of anti-wrinkle peptide Argireline

“…To explain the interaction of copper(II) ions with Argireline, three of its derivatives have been described: H-Glu-Ala-Met-Gln-Arg-Arg-NH 2 , H-Glu-Ala-His-Gln-Arg-Arg-NH 2 and H-Glu-Ala-Met-Gln-Ala-Arg-NH 2 [31]. Among these analogs the most stable copper(II) complex was formed with H-Glu-Ala-His-Gln-Arg-Arg-NH 2 , in which the nitrogen atom from histidine imidazole is bound to a metal ion.…”

“…B:Ac-Glu-Glu-Met-Gln-Arg-Arg-Ala-Asp-NH 2, C: Ac-Glu-Glu-Met-Gln-Arg-( 13 C 6 , 15 N 4 )Arg-NH 2, D: H-Glu-Glu-Met-Gln-Arg-( 13 C 6 , 15 N 4 ) Arg-NH 2, E: H-Asp-Glu-Met-Gln-Arg-Arg-NH 2 , F: H-Glu-Ala-Met-Gln-Arg-Arg-NH 2 , G: H-Glu-Ala-Met-Gln-Ala-Arg-NH 2,H: H-Glu-Ala-His-Gln-Arg-Arg-NH 2 , I: Ac-Glu(OMe)-Glu(OMe)-Met-Gln-Arg-Arg-NH 2 , J: Ac-Glu(OMe)-Glu(OMe)-Met-Gln-Arg(Boc) 2 -Arg(Boc) 2 -NH 2 , K: Ac-Glu(OMe)-Glu(OMe)-Met-Gln-Arg(Ac) 2 -Arg(Ac) 2 -NH 2. "N" represents isotope 15 N; "C": isotope 13 C Source: Own study, structures based on sequences presented in:[26,29,[30][31][32]…”