Investigation of the behavior of deficient steel members strengthened using carbon fiber reinforced polymer under combined compressive load and torsional moment

Microscale damage evolutions in fiber-reinforced composites with different initial defects

“…For the th q sub-cell, the average stresses ( , ) ˆi q ij σ on the sub-cell interfaces ( 1,2,3,4) i F i = , as shown in Fig. 1(b), can be determined by the Hooke's law, that is,…”

“…In recent years, composites have increasingly become one of the most commonly-used structural materials. They have been used, for example, to form large airplane components such as fuselage and aerofoil, etc [1][2][3], due to their high strength and low density [4][5][6]. However, it is inevitable that voids or some initial defects are introduced in the manufacturing process of fiber reinforced composites [7][8].…”