Investigation of styrene/1‐hexene copolymerization by homogeneous and heterogeneous bisindenyl ethane zirconium dichloride catalyst system

Abstract

It is now well recognized that tumor cell–host interactions regulate all aspects of cancer development. Amongst the various host response programs that facilitate primary cancer development, an emerging body of literature points to a critical role for leukocytes and their soluble mediators as regulating discrete events during primary tumor development and metastasis. This review focuses on the multiple aspects of leukocytes and their effector molecules as regulators of the metastatic process.

Half‐lanthanocene/dialkylmagnesium‐mediated coordinative chain transfer copolymerization of styrene and hexene

“…6,9 The heterogeneization of the Et(Ind) 2 ZrCl 2 catalyst also yields styrene/hexene copolymers, with lower conversions and higher styrene content than the homogeneous system. 8 A TiCl 4 /Al(C 6 H 13 ) 3 Á Mg(C 6 H 13 ) 2 was also reported to yield styrene-hexene statistical copolymers containing from 15 to 65% styrene. 10 We reported the use of lanthanide-based catalysts combined with metal alkyls for the coordinative chain polymerization (CCTP) and copolymerization of various monomers.…”

“…6,7 An ethylene bisindenyl zirconium dichloride complex Et(Ind) 2 ZrCl 2 combined with MAO yields styrene/hexene copolymers at room temperature with yields up to 35%. 8 The composition was reported in the range 40-60% of the comonomers, together with number-average molecular weight around 3000 g/mol from SEC measurements using polystyrene standards. Higher a-olefins could be copolymerized with styrene using the Et(Ind) 2 ZrCl 2 /MAO catalytic system combined with diphenylzinc as polymerization additive.…”

Groups 3 and 4 single-site catalysts for styrene–ethylene and styrene–α-olefin copolymerization

“…Recently, copolymerization of styrene and 1-hexene with the homogeneous and silica-supported systems based on rac-(EBI)ZrCl 2 /MAO (9) was claimed [110]. Consistent with the higher homopolymerization activity observed toward 1-hexene than toward styrene, the amount of incorporated hexene was higher than that of styrene relative to the initial monomer feed (up to 54 mol% incorporated styrene for a molar ratio [styrene]/[hexene] = 3 in the feed).…”

Construction of an inducible cell‐communication system that amplifies Salmonella gene expression in tumor tissue

“…Styrene/1‐hexene and higher α‐olefin statistical copolymerization using Group III and Group IV metals remain however a rather difficult task 6, 7. An ethylene bisindenyl zirconium dichloride complex Et(Ind) 2 ZrCl 2 combined with MAO yields styrene/hexene copolymers at room temperature with yields up to 35% 8. The composition was reported in the range 40–60% of the comonomers, together with number‐average molecular weight around 3000 g/mol from SEC measurements using polystyrene standards.…”

“…Higher α‐olefins could be copolymerized with styrene using the Et(Ind) 2 ZrCl 2 /MAO catalytic system combined with diphenylzinc as polymerization additive 6, 9. The heterogeneization of the Et(Ind) 2 ZrCl 2 catalyst also yields styrene/hexene copolymers, with lower conversions and higher styrene content than the homogeneous system 8. A TiCl 4 /Al(C 6 H 13 ) 3 · Mg(C 6 H 13 ) 2 was also reported to yield styrene‐hexene statistical copolymers containing from 15 to 65% styrene 10…”