Investigation of structural, electrical, and dielectric properties of lead-free (BiFeO3)(1-x) – (CaTiO3)x ceramics

High Energy Density Achieved in Novel Lead-Free BiFeO3–CaTiO3 Ferroelectric Ceramics for High-Temperature Energy Storage Applications

“…It was noted that there is a volume reduction of the unit cell with an increasing CTO content from 227.40 Å 3 ( x = 0.6) to 224.18 Å 3 ( x = 0.8). Although CTO possesses high structural stability, secondary phases such as Bi 2 Fe 4 O 9 are prone to form due to the volatile nature of bismuth at high-temperature sintering conditions. , Figure S1e shows the XRD pattern of BFO in the vicinity of 2θ = 32°, where the diffraction peaks (104) and (110) shifted toward higher diffraction angles with splitting, broadening, and merging into a single peak, which states that the solid ceramics undergo a phase transformation from rhombohedral to orthorhombic. The reduction in volume and shifting of the BFO diffraction peaks to higher diffraction angles are ascribed to the partial substitution of the lower ionic radii of Ca 2+ (134 pm) for a A site (Bi 3+ , 140 pm) and Ti 4+ (60.5 pm) for a B site (Fe 3+ , 64.5 pm) …”