Investigation of strengthening mechanism of commercially pure titanium joints fabricated by autogenously laser beam welding and laser-MIG hybrid welding processes

Li, Ruifeng; Zhang, Feng; Sun, Tianzhu; Liu, Bin; Chen, Shujin; Tian, Yingtao

doi:10.1007/s00170-018-2922-9

Cited by 27 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Many works reported on Ti-GMAW stabilization using laser beam—arc stabilization was defined as the lack of cathode spot motion, the cathode spot position was confined to the laser beam focus spot location [ 23 , 27 ]. Similar results were reported in later works by different researchers [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. Sun et al investigated the droplet transfer behavior in CMT during Ti-alloy welding and found that arc blow with excessive spattering occurs when the welding speed is relatively low [ 34 ].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Gas Metal Arc Welding Modes in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V

et al. 2021

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In wire arc additive manufacturing of Ti-alloy parts (Ti-WAAM) gas metal arc welding (GMAW) can be applied for complex parts printing. However, due to the specific properties of Ti, GMAW of Ti-alloys is complicated. In this work, three different types of metal transfer modes during Ti-WAAM were investigated: Cold Metal Transfer, controlled short circuiting metal transfer, and self-regulated metal transfer at a direct current with a negative electrode. Metal transfer modes were studied using captured waveform and high-speed video analysis. Using these modes, three walls were manufactured; the geometry preservation stability was estimated and compared using effective wall width calculation, the microstructure was analyzed using optical microscopy. Transfer process data showed that arc wandering depends not only on cathode spot instabilities, but also on anode processing properties. Microstructure analysis showed that each produced wall consists of phases and structures inherent for Ti-WAAM. α-basketweave in the center of and α-colony on the grain boundary of epitaxially grown β-grains were found with heat affected zone bands along the height of the walls, so that the microstructure did not depend on metal transfer dramatically. However, the geometry preservation stability was higher in the wall, produced with controlled short circuiting metal transfer.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Gas Metal Arc Welding Modes in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V

et al. 2021

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“…The microstructure of CP-Ti does not vary too much with heat treatment, especially with low to moderate cooling rate from above the β-transus temperature [5]. At a high cooling rate, the formation of twins has been reported in the microstructure, which also moderately increases the strength [6]. The equilibrium microstructure of Ti-64 at room temperature consists of retained β-phase within the α matrix [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fiber laser weldability of various similar titanium alloys has been reported in the literature [6,[17][18][19][20][21][22]. Li et al [6] studied the mechanical properties of Yb:YAG laser-welded CP-Ti joints and reported that the tensile failures in the welded joints took place in the base metal (BM) despite having a mixture of coarsened and elongated α grains in the HAZ and FZ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural Characterization and Mechanical Properties of Fiber Laser Welded CP-Ti and Ti-6Al-4V Similar and Dissimilar Joints

Abdollahi

Huda

Kabir

2020

Metals

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In this research, the microstructures and mechanical properties of similar and dissimilar autogenous joints of 3 mm thick commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) and Ti-6Al-4V welded by ytterbium fiber laser (Yb:YAG) were investigated. Two sets of laser power and welding speed were selected in such a way that the heat input remained constant. Microstructural characterization of the joints was investigated by an optical microscope, and mechanical properties were determined by hardness and tensile tests. The only defects found were porosity and underfill, and no signs of lack of penetration and solidification cracks were observed in any of the joints. Microstructural evaluation of the fusion zone (FZ) showed that in similar Ti-6Al-4V joint, a supersaturated nonequilibrium α′ martensite was formed due to rapid cooling associated with laser welding. In similar CP-Ti, coarse equiaxed grains were observed in the FZ. Unlike the similar joints, a clear interface was observed between the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and the FZ in both the CP-Ti and Ti-6Al-4V sides in dissimilar joints. Among all the joints with different weld parameters, similar Ti-6Al-4V showed the highest strength and the lowest ductility. In similar CP-Ti and dissimilar joints, fractures took place in the CP-Ti base metal, but all the Ti-6Al-4V similar joints failed in the FZ. Significant changes in the strength and hardness with varying laser power and welding speed implied that the mechanical properties of the weld fusion zones were not entirely governed by the heat input but were also affected by individual welding parameters.

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“…Moreover, it is considered to be a promising β-Ti alloy for biomedical implants because of its superior mechanical strength [9]. Titanium alloys can be joined by various industrial practices including diffusion bonding, welding, and brazing processes [10][11][12][13]. However, the distortion induced by welding and the geometry limitations of the components may restrict the use of fusionwelding processes [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissimilar Brazing of Ti–15Mo–5Zr–3Al and Commercially Pure Titanium Using Ti–Cu–Ni Foil

et al. 2021

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Dissimilar brazing of Ti–15Mo–5Zr–3Al (Ti-1553) to commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) using Ti–15Cu–15Ni foil was performed in this work. The microstructures in different sites of the brazed joint showed distinct morphologies, which resulted from the distributions of Mo, Cu, and Ni. In the brazed zone adhered to the Ti-1553 substrate, the partitioning of Mo from the Ti-1553 into the molten braze caused the formation of stabilized β-Ti without Ti2Cu/Ti2Ni precipitates. In the CP-Ti side, the brazed joint displayed a predominantly lamellar structure, composed of the elongated primary α-Ti and β-transformed eutectoid. The decrease in the Mo concentration in the brazed zone caused the eutectoid transformation of β-Ti to Ti2Cu + α-Ti in that zone. The diffusion of Cu and Ni from the molten braze into the CP-Ti accounted for the precipitation of Ti2Cu/Ti2Ni in the transformed zone therein. The variation in the shear strength of the joints was related to the amount and distribution of brittle Ti2Ni compounds. Prolonging the brazing time, the wider transformed zone, consisting of coarse elongated CP-Ti interspersed with sparse Ti2Ni precipitates, was responsible for the improved shear strength of the joint.

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Investigation of strengthening mechanism of commercially pure titanium joints fabricated by autogenously laser beam welding and laser-MIG hybrid welding processes

Cited by 27 publications

References 35 publications

Gas Metal Arc Welding Modes in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V

Gas Metal Arc Welding Modes in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V

Microstructural Characterization and Mechanical Properties of Fiber Laser Welded CP-Ti and Ti-6Al-4V Similar and Dissimilar Joints

Dissimilar Brazing of Ti–15Mo–5Zr–3Al and Commercially Pure Titanium Using Ti–Cu–Ni Foil

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