Investigation of Standardized Exercise Tests According to Fitness Level for Three-Day Event Horses.

Muñoz, A.; Riber, C.; Santisteban, R.; Vivo, R.; Agüera, Sergio Obeso; Castejón, Francisco

doi:10.1294/jes.9.1

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…When comparing fitness levels of the event horses and ponies in the present study with literature data which involved similar SET protocols, but keeping in mind the restrictions of field exercise testing, the present horses performed better (V LA4 = 10.3 ± 0.4; HR 4 = 189 ± 10; V 200 = 11.4 ± 0.8) and, therefore, possessed a higher level of fitness than Spanish three-day event horses that had undergone minimal training (V LA4 = 8.3 ± 0.5; HR 4 = 163 ± 3) [6], Belgian event horses competing at national level (V LA4 = 9.2; [3], V LA4 = 8.6 ± 0.2; V 200 = 10.8 ± 0.3) [5], and Swiss event horses up to CCI** level (V LA4 = 8.5 ± 0.9; HR 4 = 185 ± 10 ; V 200 = 9.6 ± 0.8) [4]. To the authors’ knowledge, there is no information available on event ponies, but ponies from the current study had slightly higher V LA4 values (7.8 ± 0.9) than research ponies after a moderate or strenuous training period (7.2 ± 1.2) [12].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…In horses, the SET consisted of four consecutive 1000-m gallops at speeds aimed at 6.7, 8.3, 10.0, and 11.7 m/s (or at a horse’s individual maximal speed) [ 5 , 6 ]. Blood samples were taken after each exercise step and again after 10 min of a cool-down walk to measure the horse’s recovery.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fitness of event horses at different competitive levels up to Concours Complet International 2-star (CCI**) has been assessed using standardized exercise tests (SETs) that measure heart rate (HR), speed (V), and plasma lactate concentration (LA) [ 3 - 6 ]. In horses, the European Championship is ranked at the CCI***(3-star) level but is generally considered to be equal to a 4-star event [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A prospective study on a cohort of horses and ponies selected for participation in the European Eventing Championship: reasons for withdrawal and predictive value of fitness tests

Munsters

Broek

Welling³

et al. 2013

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundEventing is generally recognized as a challenging equestrian discipline and wastage figures for this discipline are relatively high. There is a need for information that provides insight into the causes of wastage and withdrawal from competition, for animal welfare and economic reasons. The aim of the present investigation was to conduct a prospective study following the entire national selection of event horses (n = 20) and ponies (n = 9) in the Netherlands that prepared for the European Championship in 2010 (ponies) and 2011 (horses), noting causes of withdrawal and monitoring fitness using standardized exercise tests (SETs), with heart rate (HR; beats/min), speed (V; m/s) and plasma lactate concentrations (LA; mmol/L) as measured parameters.ResultsIn SET-I, performed at the beginning of the season, horses (n = 17) had a mean VLA4 (V at LA 4 mmol/L) of 10.3 ± 0.4 m/s with a mean V200 (V at 200 beats/min) of 11.4 ± 0.8 m/s and ponies (n = 9) a mean VLA4 of 7.8 ± 0.9 m/s and V200 of 9.6 ± 0.7 m/s. Before SET-II, performed six weeks before the European Championship, 16/20 horses and 6/9 ponies were withdrawn. The most common reason for withdrawal was locomotor injury (9/16 horses, 4/6 ponies; P < 0.001 and P = 0.011, respectively). Other reasons included an animal ‘not meeting the competition criteria’ (4/16 horses, 2/6 ponies) and being sold (3/16 horses). Animals were divided on the basis of VLA4 and recovery-HR during SET-I into good and average performers. Average performers were significantly more likely to be injured (50.0%) than good performers (0%, P = 0.05). In a subpopulation of ten horses, in which all condition training sessions were evaluated for HR and speed, HRpeak was significantly lower in horses that stayed sound (186 ± 9 beats/min) compared with horses withdrawn from training and competition because of injury (201 ± 5 beats/min; P = 0.016).ConclusionsOf the national selection, 45% of all animals were unavailable for the European Championship because of locomotor injuries. Field tests were useful in assessing the potential injury risk, as individuals with better fitness indices (good performers) were less likely to become injured than average performers. Furthermore, monitoring of training sessions showed predictive value for future injuries, as horses withdrawn because of injury later on showed already higher peak HRs during condition training than horses that stayed sound. Therefore the increase in peak HR seemed to precede visible lameness in a horse.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A prospective study on a cohort of horses and ponies selected for participation in the European Eventing Championship: reasons for withdrawal and predictive value of fitness tests

Munsters

Broek

Welling³

et al. 2013

BMC Vet Res

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“…Assessment of Warmbloods during a field exercise test can be difficult, as quite often the rider and trainer, as well as the horse, is unwilling to gallop at higher speeds. Whilst track tests suitable for Warmbloods and other horses competing in non-racing disciplines have been described [15][16][17], the use of V170, rather than V200 has been proposed for use in endurance and other saddle horses, due to closer representation of these discipline's physiologic demands [18]. Such data is necessary to better prescribe workload and to better monitor the fitness of show jumping horses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of physiological demands in Warmblood show jumping horses over a standardized 1.10 m jumping course versus a standardized exercise test on a track

et al. 2020

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Background: A greater understanding of exercise physiology and biochemistry is required for the sport horse disciplines, including show jumping. Conditioning of horses for show jumping is empirical because they are primarily trained on flat ground, however the equivalent workload between jumping and flat work is currently unknown. The objectives of the study were therefore to compare the physiological demands of Warmblood show jumpers over a standardized 1.10 m course vs a 600 m standardized incremental exercise test on flat ground, and to report reference field test values for competitive show jumping horses. In this prospective field study, 21 healthy, actively competing Warmblood show jumping horses were assessed to determine physiological variables after a standardized jumping course at 6.4 m/s (average speed) and track standardized incremental exercise test at 5 m/s, 8 m/s and 11 m/s. Heart rate, velocity, blood lactate, blood pH, pCO2, bicarbonate, PCV and TP concentrations were recorded. V200, V170 and VLa4 were calculated. Parametric statistics were performed on analysis of all 21 horses' variables. Results: Contrary to exercise at 5 m/s and 11 m/s, cantering at 8 m/s did not induce any significant difference in blood lactate, mean heart rate or mean venous blood pH compared to after completion of the jumping course. Conclusions: Jumping a 1.10 m course demands a statistically similar workload to cantering around a flat track at 8 m/s. This study will help to test fitness and design conditioning programs for Warmblood show jumping horses.

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“…A relação entre o grau de esforço e a frequência cardíaca tem sido amplamente investigada em cavalos durante testes físicos padronizados a campo, e em esteira rolante (MUÑOZ et al, 1998;OHMURA et al, 2002;EVANS, 2007;MUNSTERS et al, 2014). A extensa literatura sobre o assunto consensualmente descreve uma associação positiva entre o esforço e a frequência cardíaca, e postula a validade da mesma como indicador de condicionamento físico.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

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Investigation of Standardized Exercise Tests According to Fitness Level for Three-Day Event Horses.

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

A prospective study on a cohort of horses and ponies selected for participation in the European Eventing Championship: reasons for withdrawal and predictive value of fitness tests

A prospective study on a cohort of horses and ponies selected for participation in the European Eventing Championship: reasons for withdrawal and predictive value of fitness tests

Comparison of physiological demands in Warmblood show jumping horses over a standardized 1.10 m jumping course versus a standardized exercise test on a track

>b<Reatividade em equinos visualmente estimulados para a iniciação do movimento>/b<

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