Investigation of spatial structure and sympathetic cooling in the 9Be+–40Ca+ bi-component Coulomb crystals

Li, Min; Zhang, Yong; Zhang, Qian-Yu; Bai, Wen-Li; He, Sheng-Guo; Peng, Wencui; Tong, Xin

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/ac70b2

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…实验上也实现了离子晶体在不同构型之间的结构相变 [43] , 而且观察到温度对离子晶体构型的影响 [44,45] . 目前对有关低维系统热传导的理论已经在实验室中有所应用, 比如在离子阱中的协同冷却技术, 这种技术能够在只对离子晶体中的一个离子进行冷却的情况下, 降低离子晶体中所有离子的温度 [49,50] .…”

Section: 并且满足以下条件unclassified

Research progress of heat transport in trapped-ion crystals

Li,

Chen,

Feng

2024

Acta Phys. Sin.

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Heat transport is one of the most important research topics in physics. Especially in recent years, with deep study on single-molecule devices, people have been paying more and more attention to the problem of heat transport in low-dimensional (i.e., one- and two-dimensional) microsystems. In the research of Fermi-Pasta-Ulam crystals and harmonic crystals, it was widely accepted that heat conduction in low-dimensional systems does not follow Fourier's law. Due to absence of the equipment capable of directly measuring heat current, conducting relevant experiments is proven to be a challenging task. Ion crystals in ion traps are located in vacuum without energy exchange with the external environment. Their crystal structure and temperature can be accurately controlled by electric and optical fields, providing an ideal experimental platform for studying thermal conduction in low-dimensional crystals in classical or quantum states. This article summarizes the recent theoretical research on thermal conduction in ion crystals, including calculating methods of temperature distribution and steady-state heat current in one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional models, as well as the characteristics of heat current and temperature distribution under different ion crystal configurations. Because the nonlinear effect caused by the imbalance among three dimensions hinders the heat transport, the heat current in ion crystals is largest in the linear configuration while smallest in the zig-zag configuration. In addition, this article also introduces the influence of disorder on the thermal conductivity of ion crystals, encompassing the influence on the heat current across various ion crystal configurations such as the linear, the zig-zag and the helical.Notably, the susceptibility of ion crystals to disorder increases with their sizes. Specifically, the zig-zag ion crystal configurations exhibit the largest susceptibility to disorder, whereas linear configurations are least affected. Finally, this article provides a concise overview of experimental investigations for the heat conduction in low-dimensional systems. Examination of the heat conduction in ion crystals offers insights into various cooling techniques employed in ion trap systems, including sympathetic cooling, electromagnetic induced transparency cooling, and polarization gradient cooling. Similar to the macroscopic thermal diode crafted using thermal metamaterials, it is also possible to manufacture microscopic thermal diodes in low-dimensional systems.

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Section: 并且满足以下条件unclassified

Research progress of heat transport in trapped-ion crystals

Li,

Chen,

Feng

2024

Acta Phys. Sin.

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“…The fluorescence emitted by the laser-cooled ions enables the average positions of these species within the crystal to be imaged using devices such as charge-coupled-device (CCD) cameras. Cotrapped ions with appropriate mass-to-charge ratios can be sympathetically cooled by elastic collisions with the laser-cooled ions, yielding multicomponent Coulomb crystals. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cotrapped ions with appropriate mass-to-charge ratios can be sympathetically cooled by elastic collisions with the laser-cooled ions, yielding multicomponent Coulomb crystals. 17 − 21 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and Temporal Detection of Ions Ejected from Coulomb Crystals

Diprose,

Richardson,

Regan

et al. 2024

J. Phys. Chem. A

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Coulomb crystals have proven to be powerful and versatile tools for the study of ion−molecule reactions under cold and controlled conditions. Reactions in Coulomb crystals are typically monitored through a combination of in situ fluorescence imaging of the laser-cooled ions and destructive time-of-flight mass spectrometry measurements of the ejected ions. However, neither of these techniques is able to provide direct structural information on the positions of nonfluorescing "dark" ions within the crystal. In this work, structural information is obtained using a phosphor screen and a microchannel plate detector in conjunction with a Timepix3 camera. The Timepix3 camera simultaneously records the spatial and temporal distribution of all ions that strike the phosphor screen detector following crystal ejection at a selected reaction time. A direct comparison can be made between the observed Timepix3 ion distributions and the distributions established from SIMION simulations of the ion trajectories through the apparatus and onto the detector. Quantitative agreement is found between the measured Timepix3 signal and the properties of Coulomb crystals assigned using fluorescence imaging�independently confirming that the positions and numbers of nonfluorescing ions within Coulomb crystals can be accurately determined using molecular dynamics simulations. It is anticipated that the combination of high-resolution spatial and temporal data will facilitate new measurements of the ion properties within Coulomb crystals.

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