Investigation of Sound Field with Water Immersion TOFD Method Basing on Electron Beam Welding

Abstract

The time and flight diffraction (TOFD) technique has be more and more applied as a well-developed ultrasonic non-destructive testing (NDT) technique in a increasing number of industrial areas such as aeronautics and mechanical industries, therefore, the TOFD technique can be also used to investigate the sound field characteristic curve of artificial defects in welding. The investigations are performed in 2-layered medium (water-steel) with using the finite difference numerical simulation software Wave2000. The receiver group is consisted of several receivers which are immersed in water and have the same frequency, the receivers are placed at the opposite positions by changing regular angle.The results show that amplitude of diffraction wave change along different receiving orientation greatly, if the normal to the vertical direction is set to 0 degree, then the direction of 20° can receive the largest amplitude of diffraction wave. At last, the characteristic curve of diffraction wave is given in this paper.

Efficient analysis of welding thermal conduction using the Newton–Raphson method, implicit method, and their combination

“…The main numerical method employed for welding simulations is the finite element method. With the development of simulation technology, several methods have been developed to calculate the thermal and mechanical behavior of welded joints, including the finite difference [19], finite volume [20], meshless [21], and boundary element [22] methods.…”