Investigation of sorbic acid volatile degradation products in pharmaceutical formulations using static headspace gas chromatography

Yarramraju, Sitaramaraju; Akurathi, Vamsidhar; Wolfs, Kris; Schepdael, Ann Van; Hoogmartens, Jos; Adams, Erwin

doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2007.01.020

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In recent years, head space solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) has gained wide acceptance as an effective extraction technique for a wide variety of samples [15][16] . HS-SPME is performed by exposing a fiber coated with single or multiple polymers to the headspace of a sample matrix until equilibrium is reached between the analyte partitioned in the fiber coating and the analyte in the sample matrix [17][18] . Phytosol solvents are a new range of benign, non-CFC solvents, commercially available for the extraction of analytes from natural products, foods and environmental matrices 19 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Volatile Components From Marchantia Convoluta Obtained by Microwave Extraction and Phytosol Extraction

Chen

Tong

et al. 2008

J. Chil. Chem. Soc.

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The volatile oils from Marchantia convoluta were obtained by microwave extraction (ME) and phytosol extraction (PE) methods. The attained extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detector (GC-MS). The compounds were identified according to their retention indices and mass spectra (EI, 70 eV). A total of fourteen compounds were identified in ME extract accounting for 80.72% of total peak area. Isolongifolene (24.588%), 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl cyclohexyl ester (10.768%), pyrene (9.328%) and hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (8.570%) were the major compounds identified from ME extract. The analytical results of ME extract were compared with PE method. The ME extract was found to be markedly different from that of PE extract. A total of seven compounds in PE extract were identified accounting for 74.275% total peak area. 1-Phenanthrenecarboxylic acid, 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10, 10a-octahydro-1, 4a-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethyl) methyl ester were the major compounds.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Volatile Components From Marchantia Convoluta Obtained by Microwave Extraction and Phytosol Extraction

Chen

Tong

et al. 2008

J. Chil. Chem. Soc.

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“…The stability of sorbic acid in food is influenced by a number of factors including pH, temperature, food composition, water activity, presence of other additives, metal ions and packaging (Arya, 1980;Arya, 1983, 1984;Arya and Thakur, 1988;Sofos, 1989;Ferrand et al, 2000a;Yarramraju et al, 2007). In aqueous model food systems, sorbic acid is relatively unstable and degrades by first-order kinetics (Thakur et al, 1994).…”

Section: Reaction and Fate In Foodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the re‐evaluation of sorbic acid (E 200), potassium sorbate (E 202) and calcium sorbate (E 203) as food additives

2015

EFS2

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The EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion re-evaluating sorbic acid (E 200), potassium sorbate (E 202) and calcium sorbate (E 203) when used as food additives. Sorbic acid is absorbed and mainly excreted as expired carbon dioxide. The Panel noted that there was no evidence of genotoxic activity for sorbic acid or potassium sorbate. Sub-acute, sub-chronic and chronic toxicity studies did not show any adverse effects at concentrations up to 9 200 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day in rats. Given the lack of genotoxicity data on calcium sorbate and the available positive genotoxicity data on sodium sorbate, the Panel concluded that calcium sorbate should be excluded from the group ADI. The Panel concluded that the present dataset on reproductive and developmental toxicity gives a reason to revise the group ADI of 25 mg/kg bw/day set by the Scientific Committee on Food in 1996. The Panel considered that the no observed adverse effect level of 300 mg sorbic acid/kg bw/day from the two-generation reproductive toxicity study in rats can be used to allocate a temporary group ADI for sorbic acid and its potassium salt. By applying an uncertainty factor of 100, the Panel established a new temporary group ADI expressed as 3 mg sorbic acid/kg bw/day for sorbic acid and its potassium salt. The Panel noted that the most realistic approach using reported use levels and analytical data in the non-brand-loyal scenario did not exceed the temporary group ADI in any population group at the mean or in adolescents, adults and the elderly at the high level, except in the toddler and children population groups in one country. JECFA evaluated sorbic acid and its salts in 1961, 1965 and, most recently, in 1973. A group Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 25 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day expressed as sorbic acid was allocated, covering sorbic acid, sodium sorbate, potassium sorbate and calcium sorbate (JECFA, 1974). This ADI was based on a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of 5 % in the diet of rats in a long-term study, equivalent to 2 500 mg/kg bw/day. © EuropeanBased on studies originally evaluated by JECFA (1974), as well as more recent studies, the SCF endorsed the group ADI of 25 mg/kg bw/day for sorbic acid, potassium sorbate and calcium sorbate allocated by JECFA. The SCF noted that there were no toxicological studies on calcium sorbate, but nevertheless included this substance in the group ADI (SCF, 1996).The Panel considered that data available on the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of sorbic acid show that sorbic acid is absorbed and mainly excreted as expired carbon dioxide. As no data on bioavailability were available on potassium sorbate and calcium sorbate, the Panel considered that, owing to the ionisation properties of sorbic acid (pK a = 4.76), the unionised forms of these sorbates are absorbed by a diffusion process in the stomach. Potassium and calcium sorbate might dissociate into their constituents-potassium, calcium and so...

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“…In comparison with one level, temperature configuration of two levels was generally reliable and suitable for determination of acetaldehyde. Good performance could be obtained, which might attribute to superior clearance of pollutants under the condition of two temperature levels (Li et al, 2006;Gonzalez-Viñ as et al, 1996;Yarramraju et al, 2007).…”

Section: Gc and Fid Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HS-GC is faster and simpler than similar techniques, and it allows more samples to be processed, generating larger amounts of data which are not revealed according to conventional methodologies. Based on different diffusivities of flavors via capillary column, GC is utilized to determine volatile flavors in beer; up to date, HS-GC is being increasingly used and provides confirmative information in a rapid way (Li et al, 2006;da Silva et al, 2008;Yarramraju et al, 2007). Because GC has the potential to distinguish components whose diffusion coefficient is different from others, it is particularly useful to avoid ambiguous assignment linked to different molecules (Gonzalez-Viñ as et al, 1996).…”

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confidence: 99%

Application of static headspace gas chromatography for determination of acetaldehyde in beer

Tian

2010

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis

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Investigation of sorbic acid volatile degradation products in pharmaceutical formulations using static headspace gas chromatography

Cited by 23 publications

References 44 publications

Comparison of Volatile Components From Marchantia Convoluta Obtained by Microwave Extraction and Phytosol Extraction

Comparison of Volatile Components From Marchantia Convoluta Obtained by Microwave Extraction and Phytosol Extraction

Scientific Opinion on the re‐evaluation of sorbic acid (E 200), potassium sorbate (E 202) and calcium sorbate (E 203) as food additives

Application of static headspace gas chromatography for determination of acetaldehyde in beer

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