Investigation of some surface properties and thermogravimetric analysis of veneer sheets treated with fire retardants

Demir, Aydın; Aydın, İsmail

doi:10.4067/s0718-221x2019005000103

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…45 Many studies have reported that using the family of ammonium phosphate as an activator or fire-retardant material leads to a decrease in the thermal decomposition of the blended polymer. 46,47 The loaded samples exhibited decomposition peaks from about 400-600 °C resulting from the degradation of the remaining backbone chains of the polymers.…”

Section: Thermogravimetric Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A green approach to the valorization of kraft lignin for the production of nanocomposite gels to control the release of fertilizer

Lotfy¹,

Basta²

2021

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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The valorization of industrial by-products is a green approach. This work investigates the valorization of kraft liquor from paper pulping as a precursor in the production of lignin-based nanocomposites to control the release of monoammonium phosphate (MAP) fertilizer. These nanocomposites were prepared from the stoichiometry of lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) and chitosan (Cs). The lignin nanoparticles were synthesized by solvent exchange and dialysis using two polar solvents: tetrahydrofuran (THF) and ethylene glycol (EG). These LNPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and textural techniques. The TEM images showed that the shapes of LNPs based on THF (LNPT) and LNPs based on EG (LNPE) were spherical, with an average particle size of 300 ± 40 nm and 23 ± 6.5 nm, respectively. Textural characteristics and FTIR revealed no change in the chemical nature of the two synthesized LNPs, and their Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) surface area and average pore diameter ranged from 0.78 to 1.58 m 2 g −1 , and 4.069 to 5.20 nm, respectively. Swelling, functional groups, and the thermal, morphology, and MAP release characteristics were investigated for unloaded and loaded chitosan-LNP nanocomposites (Cs-LNPs). The water-swelling capacity of the nanocomposite gel was about 200%. The data indicated that the Cs-LNP gels can be used as controlled release systems for releasing MAP fertilizer, with maximum releasing value observed for chitosan-LNPT gel (65%). The kinetic of MAP release from the investigated nanocomposites was followed by the Ritger-Peppas model with Fickian and quasi-Fickian diffusion mechanisms.

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Section: Thermogravimetric Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A green approach to the valorization of kraft lignin for the production of nanocomposite gels to control the release of fertilizer

Lotfy¹,

Basta²

2021

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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“…The parameters used to characterise the wood surface properties are surface roughness and surface free energy (SFE) (Qin et al, 2014). Surface roughness is an important factor in determining surface quality, especially wettability (Akgul et al, 2012;Ayrilmis et al, 2009;Candan et al, 2010Candan et al, , 2012Candan et al, , 2021aCandan et al, , 2021bDarmawan et al, 2017;Dundar et al, 2008;Dundar et al, 2014;Unsal et al, 2010Unsal et al, , 2011Demir and Aydin, 2019). Parameters to determine the interaction between the wood surface and the coating material (wettability) can also be analysed by observing the thermodynamic wetting parameters, such as the SFE (Wålinder, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Durability and wettability of varnishes on the modified and aged surfaces of short rotation teak wood

Basri

Martha

Damayanti³

et al. 2022

PRT

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Purpose The surface characteristics of thermally and chemically modified wood, such as surface roughness, surface free energy (SFE) and wettability, are important properties that influence further manufacturing processes such as gluing and coating. The aim of this paper was to determine the influence of the surface roughness of thermally and chemically modified teak wood on their SFE, wettability and bonding quality for water-based acrylic and solvent-based alkyd varnishes. In addition, durability against subterranean termites in the field of these modified teak woods was also investigated to give a valuable information for their further application. Design/methodology/approach The woods tested in this study were fast-growing teak woods that were prepared in untreated and treated with furfuryl alcohol (FA), glycerol maleic anhydride (GMA) and thermal. SFE values were calculated using the Rabel method. The wettability values were measured based on the contact angle between varnish liquids and wood surfaces using the sessile drop method, and the Shi and Gardner model model was used to evaluate the wettability of the varnishes on the wood surface. The bonding quality of the varnishes was measured using a cross-cut test based on ASTM 3359-17 standard. In addition, durability against subterranean termites in the field of these modified teak woods was also investigated according to ASTM D 1758-06. Findings The results showed that furfurylated and GMA-thermal 220°C improved the durability of teak wood against termites. The furfurylated teak wood had the roughest surface with an arithmetic average roughness (Ra) value of 15.65 µm before aging and 27.11 µm after aging. The GMA-thermal 220°C treated teak wood was the smoothest surface with Ra value of 6.44 µm before aging and 13.75 µm after aging. Untreated teak wood had the highest SFE value of 46.90 and 57.37 mJ/m2 before and after aging, respectively. The K values of untreated and treated teak wood increased owing to the aging treatment. The K values for the water-based acrylic varnish were lower than that of the solvent-based alkyd varnish. The untreated teak wood with the highest SFE produced the highest bonding quality (grades 4–5) for both acrylic and alkyd varnishes. The solvent-based alkyd varnish was more wettable and generated better bonding quality than the water-based acrylic varnish. Originality/value The originality of this research work is that it provides evaluation values of the durability and SFE. The SFE value can be used to quantitatively determine the wettability of paint liquids on the surface of wood and its varnish bonding quality.

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“…Wood and wood composites represent a main part of the fuel in many building fires [1]. The ability of materials to ignite when heated at elevated temperatures depends on many factors, such as the thermal properties [2][3][4], the chemical composition of materials [5][6][7], the ignition temperature [8][9][10], the heat flux, and the environment [1,11]. Under fire exposure, wood is degraded with heat transfer and weight loss [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Heat Flux to the Fire-Technical and Chemical Properties of Spruce Wood (Picea abies L.)

et al. 2021

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The paper assesses the influence of the heat flux on spruce wood (Picea abies L.) behavior. The heat flux was performed at 15, 20, 25, and 30 kW∙m−2. The fire-technical properties, such as the mass burning rate, charring thickness, charring rate, as well as the chemical composition (contents of the extractives, lignin, cellulose, holocellulose), of wood were determined. The highest burning rate of spruce wood of 0.32 %·s−1 was reached at the heat flux of 30 kW∙m−2. The charring rate ranged from 1.004 mm·min−1 (15 kW∙m−2) to 2.016 mm.min−1 (30 kW∙m−2). The proposed model of the charring process of spruce wood in time and appropriate thickness as a selected parameter is applicable in validation of the results of computer fire models in the design of fire protection of wooden buildings. The decrease in the holocellulose content mostly caused by the degradation of hemicelluloses was observed during thermal loading. The biggest decrease in hemicelluloses (24.94%) was recorded in samples loaded at 30 kW∙m−2. The contents of cellulose increased due to the structural changes (carbonization and crosslinking), the content of lignin increased as well due to its higher thermal stability compared to saccharides, as well as the resulting lignin condensation.

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Investigation of some surface properties and thermogravimetric analysis of veneer sheets treated with fire retardants

Cited by 3 publications

References 29 publications

A green approach to the valorization of kraft lignin for the production of nanocomposite gels to control the release of fertilizer

A green approach to the valorization of kraft lignin for the production of nanocomposite gels to control the release of fertilizer

Durability and wettability of varnishes on the modified and aged surfaces of short rotation teak wood

The Effect of Heat Flux to the Fire-Technical and Chemical Properties of Spruce Wood (Picea abies L.)

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