"INVESTIGATION OF SOME CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS, CYTOTOXICITY AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF Beta Vulgaris var. altissima CULTIVATED IN EGYPT "

Abstract

The phenolic compounds were isolated for the first time from the alcoholic extract of the non-flowering aerial parts of Beta vulgaris var. altissima (sugar beet) and were identified as: Apigenin, Luteolin, Apigenin 7-O-di-glucoside, Luteolin 4'-O-rhamnoside, Caffeoyl-6-(3,4-dihydroxy benzoyl) β-D-glucoside, Apigenin 5-O-rhamnoside, Isoscutellarein 7-O-glucosyl-8-O-xyloside and 5, 7, 5'-trihydroxy-3'-methoxy flavone 4'-O-glucoside. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated through chromatographic and spectroscopic measurements. The n-hexane extract of the plant was fractionated to fatty acid methyl esters and unsaponifiable matter. The gas-liquid chromatography analysis of fatty acids methyl esters proved the presence of 13 fatty acids of which eicosenoic acid C20:1 (41.38%) was the main acid, while the gas liquid chromatography of the unsaponifiable matter substantiated the presence of a mixture of 28 components in which campesterol (23.85%), n-triacontane C30 (12.71%) and cholesterol (8.77%) were the major components. The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (62.65%) with effective concentration 57.2 µg/ml using radical scavenging activity. The percent proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma was reduced to 69.5% and 72.4% on treatment with the ethyl acetate and the methanol extracts respectively at concentration 100 µg/ml.

Beet (Beta vulgaris) Suppressed Gene Expression and Serum Fatty Acid Synthase in High Fat and Fructose-induced Rats

“…On other hand, the antioxidant FYGL extracted from Ganoderma lucidum reduces TG and total cholesterol content in liver cells by increasing the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which causes inhibition of FAS expression [17]. El-Hawary et al [7] it is reported that apigenin and luteolin in red beet have antioxidant activities. Therefore, the effects of red beet in lowing FAS gene expression can be related to the antioxidant properties of apigenin and luteolin.…”

“…In human studies, it has been shown that beet supplementation lowers blood pressure, weakens inflammation, prevents oxidative stress, maintains endothelial function, and restores cerebrovascular hemodynamics. El-Hawary et al [7] identified eight phenolic compounds, including apigenin and luteolin from B. vulgaris that have antioxidant activities. Apigenin reported decreased levels of plasma free fatty acid, total cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and markers of liver dysfunction as well as increased hepatic steatosis and hepatomegaly, without altering dietary intake and adiposity in obese rats induced by a high-fat diet.…”