Investigation of Solution Behavior of Antidepressant Imipramine Hydrochloride Drug and Non-Ionic Surfactant Mixture: Experimental and Theoretical Study

Abstract

In this paper, the interaction of imipramine hydrochloride (IMP, antidepressant drug) and a non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100 (TX-100) mixture in five different ratios through the tensiometric method in different solvents (aqueous/0.050 mol·kg−1 aqueous NaCl/0.250 mol·kg−1 aqueous urea (U)) were examined thoroughly at a temperature of 298 K. UV–Visible studies in an aqueous system of IMP + TX-100 mixtures were also investigated and discussed in detail. The pure (IMP and TX-100) along with the mixtures’ critical micelle concentration (cmc) were assessed by a tensiometric technique. The obtained deviation of the mixtures’ cmc values from their ideal values revealed the nonideal behavior of IMP + TX-100 mixtures amongst IMP and TX-100. Compared to aqueous systems, in the presence of aqueous NaCl, several changes in micelles/mixed micelles occurred, and hence a synergism/attractive interaction amongst components was found increased while in the existence of U, the synergism/attractive interaction between them decreased. The evaluated interaction parameter (βRb) value of mixed micelles showed the attractive or synergism between the IMP and TX-100. Various evaluated thermodynamic parameters in an aqueous system showed that the mixed micellization of the IMP + TX-100 mixture was an entropically spontaneous phenomenon, although the existence of salt in all studied systems can somewhat increase the spontaneity of the micellization process and in the aqueous U system, the spontaneity of the micellization process decreased. In an aqueous system, the interaction between IMP and TX-100 was also confirmed by UV–Visible study.

Interaction of TX-100 and Antidepressant Imipramine Hydrochloride Drug Mixture: Surface Tension, 1H NMR, and FT-IR Investigation

“…Gibbs’s adsorption equation [ 22 ] is employed to assess a variety of surface parameters of drug–surfactant mixed system. All interfacial parameters were evaluated by using the surface tension plot given in our previous work [ 18 ]. The adsorbed quantity of molecules in each unit area of the surface is computed through the assistance of Gibbs adsorption equation [ 22 ].…”

“…The parameter surface tension value at the cmc , is symbolized via γ cmc and the obtained value is depicted in Table 1 . The γ cmc value of singular and mixed system (IMP+TX-100) in aqueous and NaCl media were taken from the graph of our group’s earlier published work [ 18 ]. For individual TX-100 and IMP+TX-100 mixtures, the value of γ cmc was found close to each other’s means in the same range, irrespective of the solvent employed.…”

“…Table 2 showed the achieved value of pure and mixed systems in different media. For the calculation of of the current system, (Gibbs free energy) values were used from our previous article [ 18 ]. All values were negative, which was symbolic of the spontaneity of the adsorption process at the air-solvent interface and their magnitude were higher than those of the previously calculated value [ 18 ] of the corresponding system.…”

“…For the calculation of of the current system, (Gibbs free energy) values were used from our previous article [ 18 ]. All values were negative, which was symbolic of the spontaneity of the adsorption process at the air-solvent interface and their magnitude were higher than those of the previously calculated value [ 18 ] of the corresponding system. The occurrence of > hypothesized that adsorption phenomena were favored over the association process, meaning that after finishing the adsorption process, the micellization process starts, i.e., a slight effort is required to complete this phenomenon (energy supplied in micellization to bring the monomers from the surface to micellar state).…”

“…Previously, our group have examined solution (bulk) properties (mixed micellization behavior) of pure and mixed system of IMP and TX-100 in water, NaCl, and urea media [ 18 ] and the current study is an extension of our previous work [ 18 ]. Herein, the interfacial properties of IMP and TX-100 mixture were evaluated by tenstiometic method in different media, along with 1 H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy, which were also employed to evaluate the interaction amongst IMP and TX-100 in an aqueous system.…”