Investigation of snow sintering at microstructural scale from micro-penetration tests

Peinke, Isabel; Hagenmuller, Pascal; Chambon, Guillaume; Roulle, Jacques

doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2019.03.018

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Our results also provide an indirect evaluation of Poisson shot noise models (Löwe and Herwijnen, 2012;Peinke et al, 2019) for CPT. These models assume the force to be the sum of independent elastic brittle failures, and that grains do not contribute to the overall force once their bonds are broken, thus effectively disregarding the existence of the compaction zone.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Secondly, snow exists on Earth at a high homologous temperature. Its mechanical behavior is therefore highly rate-dependent because of very rapid sintering processes and ice viscosity (e.g., Narita, 1983;Blackford, 2007;Peinke et al, 2019), in contrast to typical soils. In general, CPTs in snow are conducted with a penetration speed of a few centimeters per second.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These ruptures are supposed to be elastic brittle and to occur at the contact with the cone tip. This approach was generalized to the case of spatially inhomogeneous rupture intensities by Peinke et al (2019). Ruiz et al (2017) applied the cavity expansion model to analyse CPT in snow and to derive the elastic modulus and yield strength of the material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Study of Cone Penetration in Snow Using X-Ray Tomography

et al. 2020

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The cone penetration test is widely used to determine the mechanical properties of snow and to delineate snow stratigraphy. Precise knowledge of the snow stratigraphy is essential for many applications such as avalanche forecasting or estimating the snowpack energy budget. With the development of sophisticated, high-resolution digital penetrometers such as the SnowMicroPenetrometer, the cone penetration test remains one of the only objective methods to measure snow stratigraphy. An accurate interpretation of the measured hardness profiles requires to understand the interaction between the cone tip and the snow material. In this study, we measured the displacement induced by the penetration of a conic tip with a radius of 2.5 mm in eight different snow samples using X-ray tomography. The experiments were conducted at a temperature of −10 • C. To recover the full three-dimensional displacements between the tomographic images measured before and after the test, we specifically designed a tracking algorithm which exploits the unique shape of each snow grain. The tracking algorithm enables to recover most of the granular displacements and accurately captures the volumetric strain directly derived from density changes. The measured displacements are shown to be oriented downwards below the tip apex, upwards close to the snow surface, and nearly only radially in between. We observed and quantified the development of a compaction around and below the tip. Surprisingly, we also observed dilation of the snow material close to the snow and tip surfaces in very high-density samples. The radial extent of the compaction zone ranged between 1.6 and 2.3 times the tip radius. These results were compared to existing interpretative models. Although limited to relatively small samples and short penetration depths, these results provide new insights on snow deformation during a cone penetration test, and the validity of these models.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Study of Cone Penetration in Snow Using X-Ray Tomography

et al. 2020

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“…The bond fracturing and bond formation are two dominant processes (Schweizer, 1999) spontaneously occurring within a snowpack which may affect the properties and strength of snow, and consequently the instability development process within a snowpack. The bond formation (sintering) and failures in snow (or ice) are observed in the scales of seconds (Szabo and Schneebeli, 2007;Peinke et al, 2019) to the scales of hours (Colbeck, 1997;Birkeland et al, 2006;Podolskiy et al, 2014).…”

Section: Window-wise Analysis Of Relevant Ae Parameters Pertaining Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In snow, the scales of sintering (healing) may vary from 10 to 1000 milliseconds (Szabo and Schneebeli, 2007;Peinke et al, 2019) to the scales of the hours (Colbeck, 1997;Birkeland et al, 2006;Podolskiy et al, 2014). Therefore, the selection of two different time windows, i.e.…”

Section: Assessment Of Snowpack Instabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic Emission investigation for avalanche formation and release: A case study of dry-slab avalanche event in Great Himalaya

Kapil

Sharma

Singh

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Non-invasive monitoring of avalanche formation and release processes, through the use of Acoustic Emission (AE) technique, has been a research challenge since long time. In present investigation AE technique is implemented to monitor the avalanche formation and release processes through a case study of a natural avalanche event reported in Great Himalaya. The specialized AE sensor-arrestor arrays, established over the avalanche starting zone, in conjunction to a high speed multichannel AE acquisition system have successfully recorded the avalanche event passed through the course of instability development followed by release of avalanche. A new method is devised to compute the AE based instability index, and same has been applied to quantify the instability levels of a snowpack. The prominent AE parameters and instability indices are analyzed for different window scales with respect to different AE sensors. The effect of nivological and meteorological conditions and pit analyses collected during the avalanche formation process is also discussed. The critical instability was triggered possibly due to the excessive loading (during snowfall) of an unstable snowpack consisting of persistent weak layers which led to the avalanche release. An abnormal and abrupt increase in the AE activity was observed prior to the avalanche release. The increasing trends in instability indices have shown a good correlation to the avalanche formation and a sharp jump in instability index is attributed to a particular transition occurring across two different instability states of the snowpack. Thus, five conceptual states of snowpack are identified for instability evolution corresponding to four different transitions during avalanche formation and release processes.

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