Investigation of severe lunar environmental conditions on the physical and mechanical properties of lunar regolith geopolymers

Pilehvar, Shima; Arnhof, Marlies; Erichsen, Andreas; Valentini, Luca; Kjøniksen, Anna–Lena

doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.01.124

Cited by 34 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…From these results, it was inferred that careful selection of the curing scheme is essential to maximize the strength of geopolymers manufactured on the moon, and importantly, the processing must also be practical on the lunar surface. Pilehvar et al (2020Pilehvar et al ( , 2021 found that when conducting durability tests, the compressive strength of geopolymers increased when repeatedly exposed to a low-hightemperature cycle similar to that experienced on the lunar surface [21,51]. The compressive strength of geopolymer was found to increase by a factor of 6 or more when exposed to a thermal cycle of −80~114 • C in air and vacuum.…”

Section: Compressive Strength and Durability Of Lunar Regolith Simula...mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Generally, rapid drying of geopolymer during curing causes microcracking, leading to strength loss. Pilehvar et al (2021) reported that curing in a vacuum increases porosity and reduces strength, although the pressure (vacuum) used in Pilehvar's experiment was many orders of magnitude greater than that experienced on the moon [51]. From these results, it was inferred that careful selection of the curing scheme is essential to maximize the strength of geopolymers manufactured on the moon, and importantly, the processing must also be practical on the lunar surface.…”

Section: Compressive Strength and Durability Of Lunar Regolith Simula...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review on Geopolymer Technology for Lunar Base Construction

Lee

Riessen

2022

Materials

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Geopolymer is a synthetic amorphous aluminosilicate material that can be used as an inorganic binder to replace ordinary Portland cement. Geopolymer is produced by mixing aluminosilicate source materials with alkali activators and curing the mixture either at ambient or low temperatures. Geopolymer research for lunar-based construction is actively underway to enable astronauts to stay on the moon for long periods. This research has been spurred on by earnest discussions of in situ resource utilization (ISRU). Recent research shows that the lunar regolith simulant-based geopolymers have high application potential to protect astronauts from the harsh moon environment. However, not all the simulants perfectly reproduce the lunar regolith, and the characteristics of the lunar regolith vary depending on the site. Issues remain regarding the applicability of geopolymer technology to contribute to ISRU through an elaborate and systematic plan of experiments. In this paper, the potential of geopolymers is assessed as a lunar-based construction material with the latest research results. Future work to develop the lunar regolith-based geopolymer technology is also proposed.

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Section: Compressive Strength and Durability Of Lunar Regolith Simula...mentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Compressive Strength and Durability Of Lunar Regolith Simula...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Geopolymer Technology for Lunar Base Construction

Lee

Riessen

2022

Materials

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“…The combination should have a low plastic viscosity and optimal yield stress for smooth extrusion. A poorly balanced or insufficient mixing might result in particle segregation, nozzle lodging, or filament tearing [ 82 , 122 , 125 ]. The Si/Na ratio of the alkali activator has a substantial impact on the extrudability of 3D-printable geopolymers, with increasing viscosity and yield stress [ 126 ].…”

Section: Fresh-state Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geopolymer Materials for Extrusion-Based 3D-Printing: A Review

Ricciotti,

Apicella,

Perrotta

et al. 2023

Polymers

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This paper examines how extrusion-based 3D-printing technology is evolving, utilising geopolymers (GPs) as sustainable inorganic aluminosilicate materials. Particularly, the current state of 3D-printing geopolymers is critically examined in this study from the perspectives of the production process, printability need, mix design, early-age material features, and sustainability, with an emphasis on the effects of various elements including the examination of the fresh and hardened properties of 3D-printed geopolymers, depending on the matrix composition, reinforcement type, curing process, and printing configuration. The differences and potential of two-part and one-part geopolymers are also analysed. The applications of advanced printable geopolymer materials and products are highlighted, along with some specific examples. The primary issues, outlooks, and paths for future efforts necessary to advance this technology are identified.

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“…As basalt fibers can be produced in situ at the lunar surface efficiently, they can be used widely to increase the mechanical strength of geopolymers. Overall, geopolymers are advantageous for lunar construction due to their excellent resistance to extreme temperature fluctuations and adequate shielding from radiation [290], as well as enhanced mechanical properties over conventional cement [291].…”

Section: Radiation Resistance Of Fiber-reinforced Polymers and Compos...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Radiation Damage in Materials Relevant for Exploration and Settlement on the Moon

Koval¹,

Gu²,

Muñoz‐Santiburcio³

et al. 2022

Lunar Science - Habitat and Humans

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Understanding the effect of radiation on materials is fundamental for space exploration. Energetic charged particles impacting materials create electronic excitations, atomic displacements, and nuclear fragmentation. Monte Carlo particle transport simulations are the most common approach for modeling radiation damage in materials. However, radiation damage is a multiscale problem, both in time and in length, an aspect treated by the Monte Carlo simulations only to a limited extent. In this chapter, after introducing the Monte Carlo particle transport method, we present a multiscale approach to study different stages of radiation damage which allows for the synergy between the electronic and nuclear effects induced in materials. We focus on cumulative displacement effects induced by radiation below the regime of hadronic interactions. We then discuss selected studies of radiation damage in materials of importance and potential use for the exploration and settlement on the Moon, ranging from semiconductors to alloys and from polymers to the natural regolith. Additionally, we overview some of the novel materials with outstanding properties, such as low weight, increased radiation resistance, and self-healing capabilities with a potential to reduce mission costs and improve prospects for extended human exploration of extraterrestrial bodies.

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Investigation of severe lunar environmental conditions on the physical and mechanical properties of lunar regolith geopolymers

Cited by 34 publications

References 36 publications

A Review on Geopolymer Technology for Lunar Base Construction

A Review on Geopolymer Technology for Lunar Base Construction

Geopolymer Materials for Extrusion-Based 3D-Printing: A Review

Modeling Radiation Damage in Materials Relevant for Exploration and Settlement on the Moon

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