Investigation of secondary hardening in Co–35Ni–20Cr–10Mo alloy using analytical scanning transmission electron microscopy

Sorensen, D.; Li, B.Q.; Gerberich, William W.; Mkhoyan, K. Andre

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2013.10.005

Cited by 40 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Thus, the recrystallization texture is expected to be similar to the deformation texture and this expectation is consistent with experimental observations in this study as compared to our previous report on the cold-drawn wire [3] as well as the work by Sorenson et al [7] on MP35N wire and rod.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…A similar increase in modulus upon annealing of cold-worked MP35N wire was previously reported by Sorensen et al [7] who showed the modulus in the annealed state to be around ~230 GPa while in the cold-worked state, the corresponding value was ~175 GPa; further, the modulus was shown to progressively increase with increasing annealing temperature. In the present study, and in the previous one [7], no appreciable texture change was noted and therefore this change in modulus cannot be ascribed to either change in texture or phase transformation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…The alloy examined in [6] was in rod form (diameter of ~14 mm) and when annealed at 1275 K, it contained a fully recrystallized microstructure with a mean grain size of ~60 µm, exhibited high work-hardening rate, strain hardening exponent, n~0.2-0.8 and tensile elongation of ~58%. A rather intriguing set of results was recently published by Sorensen et al [7] who showed a reduction in fracture strain from ~3.5% to 1% upon annealing of 37% and 60% cold-drawn wires (diameter of ~177 µm) of MP35N low Ti alloy for durations of 60 s at different temperatures over the temperature range of 573-1173 K in air. The grain size was found to remain unchanged in this temperature range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Microstructure and mechanical behavior of annealed MP35N alloy wire

Prasad

Réitérer

Kumar

2015

Materials Science and Engineering: A

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Microstructure and mechanical behavior of annealed MP35N alloy wire

Prasad

Réitérer

Kumar

2015

Materials Science and Engineering: A

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“…The stress -strain curve could be divided into two characteristic parts: metal wire (elastic and plastic regions) and silicone shell (elastic and plastic regions). Primarily the metal wire of the locking stylet deforms elastically providing traction forces resistance of 7.5 N. For instance, steel has Young's modulus of 190 GPa, 13,14 thus Figure 3 shows the model metal wire behaviour of an area of 1 mm 2 which is overlapping with the stress -strain curve for leads with locking stylet support up to a deformation of 2%. Further deviation (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Compression coil provides increased lead control in extraction procedures

Starck¹,

Stepuk²,

Holubec³

et al. 2014

Europace

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AIMS: We investigated a new lead extraction tool (Compression Coil; One-Tie, Cook Medical) in an experimental traction force study. METHODS AND RESULTS: On 13 pacemaker leads (Setrox JS53, Biotronik) traction force testing was performed under different configurations. The leads were assigned to three groups: (i) traction force testing without central locking stylet support (n = 5), (ii) traction force testing with the use of a locking stylet (Liberator, Cook Medical) and a proximal ligation suture (n = 4), (iii) traction force testing with the use of a locking stylet and a compression coil (n = 4). The following parameters were obtained for all groups: stress-strain curves, maximal forces, elastic modulus, post-testing lead length and lead elongation. In Groups 2 and 3 retraction of the locking stylet within the lead was measured [lead tip-locking stylet distance (LTLSD)]. Maximal forces for the three groups were: (i) 28.3 ± 0.3 N; (ii) 30.6 ± 3.0 N; (iii) 31.6 ± 2.9 N (1 vs. 2, P = 0.13; 1 vs. 3, P = 0.04; 2 vs. 3, P = 0.65). Elastic modulus was (i) 22.8 ± 0.1 MPa; (ii) 2830.8 ± 351.1 MPa; (iii) 2447.0 ± 510.5 MPa (1 vs. 2, P < 0.01; 1 vs. 3, P < 0.01; 2 vs. 3, P = 0.26). Mean LTLSD in Group 2 was 19.8 ± 3.2 cm and was 13.8 ± 1.7 cm in Group 3 (P = 0.02). The ratio of LTLSD/post-testing lead length was 0.37 ± 0.03 for Group 2 and 0.24 ± 0.03 for Group 3 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The application of a compression coil leads to an increased lead control expressed by less retraction of the locking stylet within the lead. This enables improved central support of extraction sheaths in the case of challenging extraction procedures. AimsWe investigated a new lead extraction tool (Compression Coil; One-Tie, Cook Medical) in an experimental traction force study. Methods and resultsOn 13 pacemaker leads (Setrox JS53, Biotronik) traction force testing was performed under different configurations. The leads were assigned to three groups: (i) traction force testing without central locking stylet support (n ¼ 5), (ii) traction force testing with the use of a locking stylet (Liberator, Cook Medical) and a proximal ligation suture (n ¼ 4), (iii) traction force testing with the use of a locking stylet and a compression coil (n ¼ 4). The following parameters were obtained for all groups: stress-strain curves, maximal forces, elastic modulus, post-testing lead length and lead elongation. In Groups 2 and 3 retraction of the locking stylet within the lead was measured [lead tip-locking stylet distance (LTLSD)]. Maximal forces for the three groups were: (i) 28.3 + 0.3 N; (ii) 30.6 + 3.0 N; (iii) 31.6 + 2.9 N (1 vs. 2, P ¼ 0.13; 1 vs. 3, P ¼ 0.04; 2 vs. 3, P ¼ 0.65). Elastic modulus was (i) 22.8 + 0.1 MPa; (ii) 2830.8 + 351.1 MPa; (iii) 2447.0 + 510.5 MPa (1 vs. 2, P , 0.01; 1 vs. 3, P , 0.01; 2 vs. 3, P ¼ 0.26). Mean LTLSD in Group 2 was 19.8 + 3.2 cm and was 13.8 + 1.7 cm in Group 3 (P ¼ 0.02). The ratio of LTLSD/post-testing lead length was 0.37 + 0.03 for Group 2 and 0.24 + 0.03 for Group 3 (P , 0.01). ConclusionThe app...

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“…The formation of planar stacking-fault ribbons in superalloys as a result of the Suzuki segregation of alloying elements may fulfill this role. [16][17][18][19][20] On one hand, the formation of ribbons is energetically preferred because these planar defects lower the stacking-fault energy of the alloys. 17 Furthermore, the rich alloy elements in the ribbons (for example, Mo and Cr in Co-Ni-Cr-Mo alloys) hamper the diffusion of the major elements in the γ′ phase (Ni, Al) across the planar defects, thereby isolating individual γ′ phase nanoparticles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulating the coarsening of the γ′ phase in superalloys

Bian

et al. 2015

NPG Asia Mater

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The properties of superalloys are typically deteriorated by the coarsening of the nano-sized γ′ phase, which is the primary strengthening component at high temperatures. Stabilizing the γ′ phase represents one of the key challenges in developing next-generation superalloys. Herein, we fabricate a cobalt-nickel-based superalloy with a nanoscale coherent γ′ phase, (Ni,Co) 3 (Al,Ti,Nb), which is isolated by stacking-fault ribbons in the alloy matrix as a result of the Suzuki segregation of alloying atoms. Additionally, we demonstrate that this new nanostructure can slow down the coarsening of the γ′ phase at high temperatures. As a result, the cobalt-nickel-based superalloy displays considerably high tensile yield points, exceeding 1650 MPa at room temperature and 1250 MPa at 973 K, which are markedly higher than those of the commonly used nickel-and cobalt-based superalloys. This study thereby paves a new path for developing superalloys with exceptional mechanical performance and thermal stability. INTRODUCTIONGeometrically close-packed and coherent A 3 B-type (A = Ni, Co; B = Al, Ti, and so on) γ′ phases exist in various high-temperature superalloys, and this substantially affects their mechanical performance. 1,2 One of the most critical issues currently restraining the service life of these superalloys lies in the coarsening of the nanoscale γ′ phase upon exposure to high temperatures. To date, much effort has been devoted to probing the morphology of the γ′ phase and to clarifying its coarsening mechanism upon aging in cobalt-and nickel-based superalloys. 3-9 It has been predicted by the Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner model 10,11 that coarsening of the γ′ phase in superalloys follows the general relationship r 3 = kt, where r is γ′ phase particle radius, t is the aging time and k is the coarsening-related rate constant.In general, the coarsening of the γ′ phase in superalloys is a diffusion process where large particles grow at the expense of smaller ones in the alloy matrix; this is termed Ostwald ripening. [12][13][14] The factors that predominantly control the coarsening rate of the γ′ phase include the γ/γ′ phase interfacial energy, the solubility of the γ′ phase in the γ phase and the diffusion coefficient of the constituent elements of the γ′ phase through either the γ/γ′ phase interface or the γ phase matrix. 15 Typical values of the interfacial energy of the γ/γ′ phase have been clearly demonstrated to be~20 mJ m − 2 , 15 a value that is very low and essentially remains stable. In addition, for a given material system, the solubility of small γ′ phase particles and the diffusion coefficient of the constituent elements of the γ′ phase in the

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Investigation of secondary hardening in Co–35Ni–20Cr–10Mo alloy using analytical scanning transmission electron microscopy

Cited by 40 publications

References 41 publications

Microstructure and mechanical behavior of annealed MP35N alloy wire

Microstructure and mechanical behavior of annealed MP35N alloy wire

Compression coil provides increased lead control in extraction procedures

Regulating the coarsening of the γ′ phase in superalloys

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