Investigation of Seasonal Variations of Tower Footing Impedance in Transmission Line Grounding Systems

Wang, Chenyang; Liang, Xiaodong; Adajar, Emerson; Loewen, Paul

doi:10.1109/tia.2021.3057349

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Substituting for S e using Equation (8) or Equation (9) expresses Equation ( 28) as Equation ( 29) as a function of θ or as Equation ( 30) as a function of h p .…”

Section: Coupling Of Electric and Water Flows In Conductive Porous Me...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because soil resistivity depends on salinity, compaction/porosity, temperature, and water content [1,2,4], which are factors susceptible to atmospheric conditions, soil resistivity is subject to seasonal variability. Sometimes, resistivity variation attains high values that can inhibit the reliable operation of earthing systems [6][7][8][9]. To limit the impact of high seasonal resistivity, the IEEE Std.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Method for Modelling Seasonal Variation in Resistance and Performance of Earthing Systems

Nnamdi,

Chandima

2023

Energies

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The current techniques utilized for estimating seasonal fluctuations in earthing system resistance, including artificial neural networks (ANNs) and correlation/correction factors, rely on resistance records, soil resistivity measurements, and meteorological data collected across broad areas. However, they frequently fail to consider the impact of soil conditions and properties at the actual earthing location. As a solution, this research introduces a new method that models atmospheric conditions as soil suction and incorporates hydraulic soil properties (soil water retention characteristics and hydraulic conductivity) to estimate the seasonal changes in earthing resistance and performance. To illustrate this approach, this study constructs geometric models of vertical earthing rods for three homogeneous soil textures (clayey, silty, and sandy) utilizing COMSOL Multiphysics software. By coupling the differential equations governing electric current and water flow using Archie’s formula and solving numerically with the finite element method (FEM) for various soil suctions, this research reveals that soil water retention and resistivity variations are notably influenced by soil texture. Sandy soil displays higher variability, silt soil demonstrates moderate changes, while clayey soil exhibits lower fluctuation. By linking soil resistivity changes to soil suction and hydraulic properties, this innovative method predicts seasonal trends in earthing resistance and performance.

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“…Substituting for S e using Equation (8) or Equation (9) expresses Equation ( 28) as Equation ( 29) as a function of θ or as Equation ( 30) as a function of h p .…”

Section: Coupling Of Electric and Water Flows In Conductive Porous Me...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Method for Modelling Seasonal Variation in Resistance and Performance of Earthing Systems

Nnamdi,

Chandima

2023

Energies

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“…Traditional greening projects are often achieved by artificial planting or sowing under good environmental conditions. For the tower foundation slope of transmission line in arid areas with relatively poor plant habitat, 13 the traditional slope protection works often sacrifice the requirements of environmental beauty, spray concrete directly on the slope surface to achieve the purpose of slope protection, while its greening is generally carried out on the concrete surface for simple lawn greening, which not only requires high maintenance costs, but also the growth life of greening vegetation is limited, which cannot achieve the effect of long‐term greening 14 . The key of slope vegetation matrix configuration technology is “restoration”.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetative substrate configuration technology for tower foundation slope of transmission line in arid area considering species suitability

Zhang¹,

Yang²,

Yu³

et al. 2023

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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In order to realize the ecological restoration of transmission line tower foundation slope and enrich the research methods of slope ecological restoration, this paper studies a nutrient matrix configuration technology for transmission line tower foundation slope in arid areas. The Xilingol arid grassland area in Inner Mongolia is selected as the research object, and plants such as Leymus chinensis, Festuca arundinacea and Agropyron pratense are selected as the grass species of the vegetative substrate configuration technology. Different proportions of water retaining agent, compound fertilizer, microbial agents and other substances are added to the soil, which are combined into 10 test groups. The effect of slope ecological restoration is verified by species suitability, physical and chemical properties of matrix and plant growth. The resβults showed that Caragana korshinskii, Artemisia annua, Astragalus adsurgens, Sonchus oleraceus and other plants are the dominant grass species in the plant substrate plants; The physical and chemical indexes of soil's bulk density, organic matter, total nitrogen and so on in group B2 are better than those in other groups. Adopting the vegetative substrate configuration technology with the proportion of group B2 can obtain a good ecological restoration effect of tower foundation slope of transmission line in arid areas. The vegetative substrate configuration technology can solve the long‐standing ecological and environmental protection problems of the tower foundation slope of transmission line in arid areas, and should be actively promoted and applied. Daur lymphatic is also widely used in ecological restoration of transmission line base slope in arid region. The average coverage rate was 14.85%. The average height was 100.5 cm. It could grow at an altitude of more than 1000 m. After the nutrient matrix of the transmission line base slope was configured, the grass planting belt was established under normal maintenance, and the seeds began to germinate 3 days later. After 10 days, the germination rate was 78% and the coverage rate was 65%.

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A new approach for ground resistance measurements in onshore wind farms based on clamp-on meters and artificial neural network

Leal

Lopez-Salamanca²,

Lazzaretti³

et al. 2022

Electric Power Systems Research

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Investigation of Seasonal Variations of Tower Footing Impedance in Transmission Line Grounding Systems

Cited by 11 publications

References 8 publications

New Method for Modelling Seasonal Variation in Resistance and Performance of Earthing Systems

New Method for Modelling Seasonal Variation in Resistance and Performance of Earthing Systems

Vegetative substrate configuration technology for tower foundation slope of transmission line in arid area considering species suitability

A new approach for ground resistance measurements in onshore wind farms based on clamp-on meters and artificial neural network

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