Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in dogs and cats of humans diagnosed with COVID-19 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Calvet, Guilherme Amaral; Pereira, Sandro Antônio; Ogrzewalska, Maria; Pauvolid‐Corrêa, Alex; Resende, Paola Cristina; Tassinari, Wagner de Souza; Costa, Anielle de Pina; Keidel, Lucas; Rocha, Alice Sampaio Barreto da; Silva, Michele Fernanda Borges da; Santos, Shanna Araujo Dos; Lima, Ana Beatriz Machado; Moraes, Isabella C. V.; Mendes, Artur Augusto Velho; Souza, Thiago das Chagas; Martins, Ezequias Batista; Ornellas, Renato Orsini; Corrêa, Maria Lopes; Antonio, Isabela Maria da Silva; Guaraldo, Lusiele; Motta, Fernando do Couto; Brasil, Patrícia; Siqueira, Marilda Mendonça; Gremião, Isabella Dib Ferreira; Menezes, Rodrigo Caldas

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0250853

Cited by 132 publications

(177 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…As a consequence of the animals assessed massively in some countries, the prevalence was higher in Denmark (Larsen et al 2021 ). There is a lack of studies in Latin America, a region severely affected by the pandemic, except Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, and Chile (Calvet et al 2021 ), and now Argentina where a recent study detected the SARS-CoV-2 infection in 18 cats and 20 dogs from owners previously confirmed as COVID-19-positive, including genome sequencing, B.1.499, a lineage reported in different provinces of the country (Fuentealba et al 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 natural infection in animals: a systematic review of studies and case reports and series

Bonilla-Aldana

García-Barco²,

Jimenez-Diaz

et al. 2021

Veterinary Quarterly

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COVID-19 pandemic is essentially a zoonotic disease. In this context, early in 2020, transmission from humans to certain animals began reporting; the number of studies has grown since. To estimate the pooled prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 natural infection in animals and to determine differences in prevalence between countries, years, animal types and diagnostic methods (RT-PCR or serological tests). A systematic literature review with meta-analysis using eight databases. Observational studies were included but analyzed separately. We performed a random-effects model meta-analysis to calculate the pooled prevalence and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for prevalence studies and case series. After the screening, 65 reports were selected for full-text assessment and included for qualitative and quantitative analyses. A total of 24 reports assessed SARS-CoV-2 infection by RT-PCR, combining a total of 321,785 animals, yielding a pooled prevalence of 12.3% (95% CI 11.6%–13.0%). Also, a total of 17 studies additionally assessed serological response against SARS-CoV-2, including nine by ELISA, four by PRTN, one by MIA, one by immunochromatography (rest, two studies, the method was not specified), combining a total of 5319 animals, yielding a pooled prevalence of 29.4% (95% CI 22.9%–35.9%). A considerable proportion of animals resulted infected by SARS-CoV-2, ranking minks among the highest value, followed by dogs and cats. Further studies in other animals are required to define the extent and importance of natural infection due to SARS-CoV-2. These findings have multiple implications for public human and animal health. One Health approach in this context is critical for prevention and control.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 natural infection in animals: a systematic review of studies and case reports and series

Bonilla-Aldana

García-Barco²,

Jimenez-Diaz

et al. 2021

Veterinary Quarterly

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“…Given the evidence for susceptibility of wild, domestic and farmed animals to infection by SARS-CoV-2 and the public health risks associated with these infections, there is an urgent need for suitable tools for the sero surveillance and monitoring of different animal species. To date, there are just a few serological testing methods for SARS-CoV-2 in animals based on either ELISA, PRNT, VNT or an indirect immunofluorescence assay [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. One study has employed LIPS using both the S and N target to screen a small number of dogs ( n = 12) and cats ( n = 9) that had repeated contacts with SARS-CoV-2-infected humans, but the authors did not detect any anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the sera of these animals [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Naturally-Infected Mink and Other Experimentally-Infected Animals

Berguido

Burbelo

Bortolami

et al. 2021

Viruses

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The recent emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in humans from a yet unidentified animal reservoir and the capacity of the virus to naturally infect pets, farmed animals and potentially wild animals has highlighted the need for serological surveillance tools. In this study, the luciferase immunoprecipitation systems (LIPS), employing the spike (S) and nucleocapsid proteins (N) of SARS-CoV-2, was used to examine the suitability of the assay for antibody detection in different animal species. Sera from SARS-CoV-2 naturally-infected mink (n = 77), SARS-CoV-2 experimentally-infected ferrets, fruit bats and hamsters and a rabbit vaccinated with a purified spike protein were examined for antibodies using the SARS-CoV-2 N and/or S proteins. From comparison with the known neutralization status of the serum samples, statistical analyses including calculation of the Spearman rank-order-correlation coefficient and Cohen’s kappa agreement were used to interpret the antibody results and diagnostic performance. The LIPS immunoassay robustly detected the presence of viral antibodies in naturally infected SARS-CoV-2 mink, experimentally infected ferrets, fruit bats and hamsters as well as in an immunized rabbit. For the SARS-CoV-2-LIPS-S assay, there was a good level of discrimination between the positive and negative samples for each of the five species tested with 100% agreement with the virus neutralization results. In contrast, the SARS-CoV-2-LIPS-N assay did not consistently differentiate between SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative sera. This study demonstrates the suitability of the SARS-CoV-2-LIPS-S assay for the sero-surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a range of animal species.

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“…Importantly, those cat-to-cat transmissions were possible even between asymptomatic cats [11]. There are more than 100 million cats and 90 million dogs in Europe [12], with a relatively high seroprevalence revealed by a rate of seroconversion starting from 0.2% and reaching 14.69% in the general companion animal population, and reaching from 21-53% in those living in SARS-CoV-2-infected households [6,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Altogether, these observations led us to consider that the role of pets, albeit limited in the global SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology, might be more significant when humans come in close contact with animals living in SARS-CoV-2-positive households.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Report of One-Year Prospective Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Dogs and Cats in France with Various Exposure Risks: Confirmation of a Low Prevalence of Shedding, Detection and Complete Sequencing of an Alpha Variant in a Cat

Krafft

Denolly

Boson

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Despite the probable zoonotic origin of SARS-CoV-2, only limited research efforts have been made to understand the role of companion animals in SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology. According to recent serological prevalence studies, human-to-companion animal transmission is quite frequent, which led us to consider that the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from animal to human, albeit negligible in the present context, may have been underestimated. In this study, we provide the results of a prospective survey that was conducted to evaluate the SARS-CoV-2 isolation rate by qRT-PCR in dogs and cats with different exposure risks and clinical statuses. From April 2020 to April 2021, we analyzed 367 samples and investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA using qRT-PCR. Only four animals tested positive, all of them being cats. Three cats were asymptomatic and one presented a coryza-like syndrome. We describe in detail the infection in two cats and the associated clinical characteristics. Importantly, we obtained SARS-CoV-2 genomes from one infected animal and characterized them as Alpha variants. This represents the first identification of the SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant in an infected animal in France.

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Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in dogs and cats of humans diagnosed with COVID-19 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Cited by 132 publications

References 34 publications

SARS-CoV-2 natural infection in animals: a systematic review of studies and case reports and series

SARS-CoV-2 natural infection in animals: a systematic review of studies and case reports and series

Serological Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Naturally-Infected Mink and Other Experimentally-Infected Animals

Report of One-Year Prospective Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Dogs and Cats in France with Various Exposure Risks: Confirmation of a Low Prevalence of Shedding, Detection and Complete Sequencing of an Alpha Variant in a Cat

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