Investigation of Reverse Swing and Magnus Effect on a Cricket Ball Using Particle Image Velocimetry

Jackson, Richard; Harberd, Edmund; Lock, Gary; Scobie, James A.

doi:10.3390/app10227990

Cited by 8 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Jackson et al. (2020) also observed a LSB on the non-seam side of the ball in their particle image velocimetry measurements. The flow on the seam side is associated with a shorter LSB, compared with that at lower and devoid of a SV (see figure 9 a ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Swing and reverse swing of a cricket ball: laminar separation bubble, secondary vortex and wing-tip-like vortices

Parekh,

Chaplot,

Mittal

2024

J. Fluid Mech.

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Large eddy simulation of flow past a cricket ball with its seam at $30^\circ$ to the free stream is carried out for $5 \times 10^4 \le Re \le 4.5 \times 10^5$ . Three regimes of flow are identified on the basis of the time-averaged swing force coefficient ( $\bar {C}_Z$ ) – no swing (NS), conventional swing (CS, $\bar {C}_Z>0$ ) and reverse swing (RS, $\bar {C}_Z<0$ ). The effect of seam on the boundary layer is investigated. Contrary to the popular belief, the boundary layer does not transition to a turbulent state in the initial stages of CS. The seam energizes the laminar boundary layer and delays its separation. The delay is significantly larger in a region near the poles, whose extent increases with an increase in $Re$ causing $\bar {C}_Z$ to increase. Here $\bar {C}_Z$ assumes a near constant value in the later stage of CS. The boundary layer transitions to a turbulent state via formation of a laminar separation bubble (LSB) in the equatorial region and directly, without a LSB, in the polar region. The extent of the LSB shrinks while the region of direct transition near the poles increases with an increase in $Re$ . A LSB forms on the non-seam side of the ball in the RS regime. A secondary vortex is observed in the wake bubble. While it exists on the non-seam side for the entire range of $Re$ considered, the mixing in the flow introduced by the seam causes it to disappear beyond a certain $Re$ on the seam side. The pressure difference between the seam and non-seam sides sets up wing-tip-like vortices. Their polarity reverses with the switch from the CS to RS regime.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Swing and reverse swing of a cricket ball: laminar separation bubble, secondary vortex and wing-tip-like vortices

Parekh,

Chaplot,

Mittal

2024

J. Fluid Mech.

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“…(2018), where oil flow visualisation was used on an aluminium model of a cricket ball as shown in figure 8( b ), Scobie et al. (2013), who used IR imaging on a model cricket ball as shown in figure 8( c ) and Jackson et al. (2020) who present a top down view of the flow past a model ball using particle image velocimetry (PIV) as shown in figure 8( d ).…”

Section: Boundary Layer Aerodynamics and Cricket Ball Swingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research by Achenbach (1972, 1974) into the flow past spheres is referenced in several cricket ball swing papers (Bentley 1982; Scobie et al. 2013, 2020; Jackson et al. 2020; Tadrist et al.…”

Section: Boundary Layer Aerodynamics and Cricket Ball Swingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review and reassessment of the aerodynamics of cricket ball swing

Grimshaw,

Briggs,

Atkins

2024

Flow

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This paper reviews 70 years of cricket ball swing literature and reassesses the results in light of new measurements. A comparison of ball tracking data with published experimental results shows that current understanding does not explain the behaviour observed in professional cricket matches. Descriptions of cricket ball boundary layer aerodynamics are updated with new results which show that the seam acts more like a series of vortex generators than a trip and that there is a laminar separation bubble on the seam side of the ball. Previous results for reverse swing are consolidated and compared with new data, showing that different magnitudes of swing occur depending on the condition of both sides of the ball. Variation in pressure and temperature should be included when the Reynolds number, a non-dimensional ball speed, is calculated, while humidity can be neglected. Studies on the effect of wind speed and direction are summarised and results considering the effect of free-stream turbulence are compared with new measurements. Throughout the paper, recommendations for future work are suggested. These include quantitative study of the effect of surface defects and roughness, an assessment of whether atmospheric turbulence can affect swing and investigation into the effect of backspin on swing.

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“…Throughout the history of ball sports, there have been constant developments of new techniques to manipulate the ball trajectory to create an advantage over the opposition. This often involves the application of spin to the ball which alters the trajectory of the ball due to the Magnus effect [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. In the sport of Association Football (Soccer), the ability to curl the ball from both open-play and dead-ball situations (free kicks) has become a staple of the sport and is especially useful when within scoring range of the goal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Knuckleball Effect in Soccer Using a Smart Ball and Training Machine

Eager

Ishac

Zhou

et al. 2022

Sensors

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The term knuckleball in sporting jargon is used to describe a ball that has been launched with minimal spin, resulting in a trajectory that is erratic and unpredictable. This phenomenon was first observed in baseball (where the term originated) and has since been observed in other sports. While knuckleball has long fascinated the scientific community, the bulk of research has primarily focused on knuckleball as it occurs in baseball. Following the changes in the design of the soccer ball after the 2006 World Cup, knuckleball and ball aerodynamics were exploited by soccer players. This research examined the properties of a knuckleball in the sport of soccer. We designed and evaluated a system that could reproduce the knuckleball effect on soccer balls based on previous theories and characteristics outlined in our literature review. Our system is comprised of the Adidas miCoach Smart Ball, a companion smart phone app for data collection, a ball-launching machine with programmable functions, and a video-based tracking system and Tracker motion analysis software. The results from the testing showed that our system was successfully able to produce knuckleball behaviour on the football in a highly consistent manner. This verified the dynamic models of knuckleball that we outline. While a small portion of the data showed some lateral deviations (zig-zag trajectory), this erratic and unpredictable trajectory was much smaller in magnitude when compared to examples seen in professional games. The sensor data from the miCoach app and trajectory data from the Tracker motion analysis software, showed that the knuckleballs were consistently reproduced in-line with theoretical dynamics.

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Investigation of Reverse Swing and Magnus Effect on a Cricket Ball Using Particle Image Velocimetry

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

Swing and reverse swing of a cricket ball: laminar separation bubble, secondary vortex and wing-tip-like vortices

Swing and reverse swing of a cricket ball: laminar separation bubble, secondary vortex and wing-tip-like vortices

A review and reassessment of the aerodynamics of cricket ball swing

Investigating the Knuckleball Effect in Soccer Using a Smart Ball and Training Machine

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