Investigation of relationships between fecal contamination, cattle grazing, human recreation, and microbial source tracking markers in a mixed-land-use rangeland watershed

Joseph, Naveen; Lucas, Jane M.; Viswanath, Nikhil; Findlay, Reed; Sprinkle, James; Winford, Eric M.; Kolok, Alan S.

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2021.116921

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…This could occur because of a slaughterhouse upstream of the sampling locations was releasing contents into the investigated river section. Furthermore, there is a significant amount of cattle and sheep grazing occurring in this flood plain area [ 41 ]. Carnobacterium divergens and Aeromonas salmonicida are associated with fish.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Characterisation of Electrogenic Bacteria from Mud Samples

et al. 2023

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To develop efficient microbial fuel cell systems for green energy production using different waste products, establishing characterised bacterial consortia is necessary. In this study, bacteria with electrogenic potentials were isolated from mud samples and examined to determine biofilm-formation capacities and macromolecule degradation. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry identifications have revealed that isolates represented 18 known and 4 unknown genuses. They all had the capacities to reduce the Reactive Black 5 stain in the agar medium, and 48 of them were positive in the wolfram nanorod reduction assay. The isolates formed biofilm to different extents on the surfaces of both adhesive and non-adhesive 96-well polystyrene plates and glass. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed the different adhesion potentials of isolates to the surface of carbon tissue fibres. Eight of them (15%) were able to form massive amounts of biofilm in three days at 23 °C. A total of 70% of the isolates produced proteases, while lipase and amylase production was lower, at 38% and 27% respectively. All of the macromolecule-degrading enzymes were produced by 11 isolates, and two isolates of them had the capacity to form a strong biofilm on the carbon tissue one of the most used anodic materials in MFC systems. This study discusses the potential of the isolates for future MFC development applications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Characterisation of Electrogenic Bacteria from Mud Samples

et al. 2023

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“…Once in soil, SE can spread to other fomites, such as grass, which was observed in the current study, but it is important to note that it could also spread to nearby water sources and crop-fields in the form of runoff. Another major source of SE was fecal matter form various animals, primarily from poultry, cattle and swine, which could be an explanation for the prevalence of the pathogen in soil, as it gets seeded with the bacteria as animals graze, while the soil conversely serves as a source of re-inoculation, as well as cross-contamination for other animals that are rotated to graze on the same land ( McAllister and Topp, 2012 ; Joseph et al, 2021 ). Many integrate/pasture farms engage in animal rotation, increasing the chances of cross-contamination between the animals that graze on the same plots of land even if the animals are not there simultaneously, which could serve as an explanation as to why chicken and cattle samples were highly positive, since these were two animal groups that were often rotated between the same pasture sites across the farm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the prevalence, serotype, and antibiotic resistance pattern of Salmonella enterica in integrated farming systems in the Maryland-DC area

Alvarado-Martinez,

Julianingsih,

Tabashsum

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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Implementation of organic/pasture farming practices has been increasing in the USA regardless of official certification. These practices have created an increasingly growing demand for marketing safe products which are produced through these systems. Products from these farming systems have been reported to be at greater risk of transmitting foodborne pathogens because of current trends in their practices. Salmonella enterica (SE) is a ubiquitous foodborne pathogen that remains a public health issue given its prevalence in various food products, but also in the environment and as part of the microbial flora of many domestic animals. Monitoring antibiotic resistance and identifying potential sources contamination are increasingly important given the growing trend of organic/pasture markets. This study aimed to quantify prevalence of SE at the pre- and post-harvest levels of various integrated farms and sites in Maryland-Washington D.C. area, as well as identify the most prevalent serovars and antibiotic resistance patterns. Samples from various elements within the farm environment were collected and screened for SE through culture and molecular techniques, which served to identify and serotype SE, using species and serovar-specific primers, while antibiotic resistance was evaluated using an antibiogram assay. Results showed a prevalence of 7.80% of SE pre-harvest and 1.91% post-harvest. These results also showed the main sources of contamination to be soil (2.17%), grass (1.28%), feces (1.42%) and unprocessed produce (1.48%). The most commonly identified serovar was Typhimurium (11.32%) at the pre-harvest level, while the only identified serovar from post-harvest samples was Montevideo (4.35%). With respect to antibiotic resistance, out of the 13 clinically relevant antibiotics tested, gentamycin and kanamycin were the most effective, demonstrating 78.93 and 76.40% of isolates, respectively, to be susceptible. However, ampicillin, amoxicillin and cephradine had the lowest number of susceptible isolates with them being 10.95, 12.36, and 9.83%, respectively. These results help inform farms striving to implement organic practices on how to produce safer products by recognizing areas that pose greater risks as potential sources of contamination, in addition to identifying serotypes of interest, while also showcasing the current state of antibiotic efficacy and how this can influence antibiotic resistance trends in the future.

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“…Land use patterns signi cantly in uence E. coli exports from catchments (Joseph et al, 2021). In urban areas, dense human populations and wastewater treatment plants can lead to high E. coli levels in the environment owing to an increased potential for fecal contamination.…”

Section: Effect Of Land Use Patterns On E Coli Exportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research has shown that the distribution of E. coli, which exhibits regional and seasonal distribution patterns in catchments, is affected by the combined in uence of geographical location, climatic conditions, and hydrological characteristics (Islam et al, 2018). Additionally, human activities, such as animal husbandry, agriculture, and urbanization, also contribute signi cantly to the spatial and temporal distribution of E. coli (Joseph et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupled effects of land-use patterns and hydrological regimes on fecal indicator bacteria in a coastal watershed

Huang,

Wang,

Xie

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Monitoring and assessing fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) can inform aquatic ecosystem health and management. However, knowledge of the patterns of fecal coliforms and the underlying mechanisms in rivers is still limited. In this study, we aimed to investigate the coupled effects of land-use patterns and hydrological regimes on FIB patterns in a subtropical coastal watershed, the Jiulong River Watershed (JRW). Water samples were collected quarterly for nutrient and FIB measurements across the watershed, from October 2020 to July 2021. The results indicate that Escherichia coli and Fecal E. coli concentrations peaked in summer and autumn, with significantly higher concentrations observed in urban watersheds than in natural watersheds. Redundancy analysis further revealed that of the four sampling seasons, the relative contribution of land use to FIB characteristics in the JRW was the highest in autumn, whereas that of water quality was the highest in the other three seasons. Water flow showed the lowest relative contribution in all the seasons and a positive correlation between high nutrient concentrations and E. coli counts exhibited. This study enhances our understanding on the coupled effects of seasonal hydrological regimes and land-use patterns on FIB characteristics, which might provide implications for mitigating the risk of E. coli contamination in similar human-impacted watersheds.

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Investigation of relationships between fecal contamination, cattle grazing, human recreation, and microbial source tracking markers in a mixed-land-use rangeland watershed

Cited by 13 publications

References 41 publications

Isolation and Characterisation of Electrogenic Bacteria from Mud Samples

Isolation and Characterisation of Electrogenic Bacteria from Mud Samples

Assessment of the prevalence, serotype, and antibiotic resistance pattern of Salmonella enterica in integrated farming systems in the Maryland-DC area

Coupled effects of land-use patterns and hydrological regimes on fecal indicator bacteria in a coastal watershed

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