Investigation of process factors affecting mechanical properties of INCONEL 718 superalloy in wire + arc additive manufacture process

Xu, Xin; Ding, Jialuo; Ganguly, Saibal; Williams, Stewart

doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2018.10.023

Cited by 128 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Xu et al [64], evaluated the effect of oxides and different types of wires on the final properties of Inconel 718, since this alloy is known for its oxidation-assisted crack growth mechanism at high temperatures [65]. An oxide layer of Al 2 O 3 and Cr 2 O 3 with 0.5 μm thickness at the top layer was noticed, thus confirming that oxides do not accumulate during parts fabrication.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Current Status and Perspectives on Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)

et al. 2019

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Additive manufacturing has revolutionized the manufacturing paradigm in recent years due to the possibility of creating complex shaped three-dimensional parts which can be difficult or impossible to obtain by conventional manufacturing processes. Among the different additive manufacturing techniques, wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is suitable to produce large metallic parts owing to the high deposition rates achieved, which are significantly larger than powder-bed techniques, for example. The interest in WAAM is steadily increasing, and consequently, significant research efforts are underway. This review paper aims to provide an overview of the most significant achievements in WAAM, highlighting process developments and variants to control the microstructure, mechanical properties, and defect generation in the as-built parts; the most relevant engineering materials used; the main deposition strategies adopted to minimize residual stresses and the effect of post-processing heat treatments to improve the mechanical properties of the parts. An important aspect that still hinders this technology is certification and nondestructive testing of the parts, and this is discussed. Finally, a general perspective of future advancements is presented.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Current Status and Perspectives on Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)

et al. 2019

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“…The diffusion and size of the Laves phase in the WAAM microstructures are related to the nature of the dendritic solidification structure. The presence of the Laves phase is evidence of elemental segregation caused by high heat input and slow cooling rate [20] during deposition of the layers. The formation of the Laves phase and MC carbides is due to the segregation of refractory elements Nb and Mo in the nonequilibrium solidification conditions.…”

Section: Apparition Of Laves Phase and Hot Cracking Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the cooling rate is one of the most important technological parameters that should be controlled during manufacturing complex WAAM IN718 parts. This improves the microstructure and mechanical properties [20] and achieves a maximum instantaneous cooling rate using the pulse current mode in the TIG process, reducing interdendritic microsegregation and the Laves phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Heat Input on the Formation of Laves Phases and Hot Cracking in Plasma Arc Welding (PAW) Additive Manufacturing of Inconel 718

Artaza

Bhujangrao

Suárez

et al. 2020

Metals

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Nickel-based alloys have had extensive immersion in the manufacturing world in recent decades, especially in high added value sectors such as the aeronautical sector. Inconel 718 is the most widespread in terms of implantation. Therefore, the interest in adapting the manufacture of this material to additive manufacturing technologies is a significant objective within the scientific community. Among these technologies for the manufacture of parts by material deposition, plasma arc welding (PAW) has advantages derived from its simplicity for automation and integration on the work floor with high deposition ratios. These characteristics make it very economically appetizing. However, given the tendency of this material to form precipitates in its microstructure, its manufacturing by additive methods is very challenging. In this article, three deposition conditions are analyzed in which the energy and deposition ratio used are varied, and two cooling strategies are studied. The interpass cooling strategy (ICS) in which a fixed time is expected between passes and controlled overlay strategy (COS) in which the temperature at which the next welding pass starts is controlled. This COS strategy turns out to be advantageous from the point of view of the manufacturing time, but the deposition conditions must be correctly defined to avoid the formation of Laves phases and hot cracking in the final workpiece.

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“…The mechanical properties of WAAM materials at high temperatures are particularly important for IN718, as this material is most often used for high-temperature applications. While the tensile properties of WAAM IN718 at room temperature were found to be comparable to those of the wrought material [15], the properties at elevated temperature remain largely unknown. Hence, in this paper, the effect of temperature on the mechanical properties of the WAAM IN718 alloy in comparison with the reference wrought IN718 has been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Temperature Mechanical Properties of IN718 Alloy: Comparison of Additive Manufactured and Wrought Samples

et al. 2020

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Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) is one of the most appropriate additive manufacturing techniques for producing large-scale metal components with a high deposition rate and low cost. Recently, the manufacture of nickel-based alloy (IN718) using WAAM technology has received increased attention due to its wide application in industry. However, insufficient information is available on the mechanical properties of WAAM IN718 alloy, for example in high-temperature testing. In this paper, the mechanical properties of IN718 specimens manufactured by the WAAM technique have been investigated by tensile tests and hardness measurements. The specific comparison is also made with the wrought IN718 alloy, while the microstructure was assessed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Fractographic studies were carried out on the specimens to understand the fracture behavior. It was shown that the yield strength and hardness of WAAM IN718 alloy is higher than that of the wrought alloy IN718, while the ultimate tensile strength of the WAAM alloys is difficult to assess at lower temperatures. The microstructure analysis shows the presence of precipitates (laves phase) in WAAM IN718 alloy. Finally, the effect of precipitation on the mechanical properties of the WAAM IN718 alloy was discussed in detail.

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Investigation of process factors affecting mechanical properties of INCONEL 718 superalloy in wire + arc additive manufacture process

Cited by 128 publications

References 29 publications

Current Status and Perspectives on Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)

Current Status and Perspectives on Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)

Influence of Heat Input on the Formation of Laves Phases and Hot Cracking in Plasma Arc Welding (PAW) Additive Manufacturing of Inconel 718

High-Temperature Mechanical Properties of IN718 Alloy: Comparison of Additive Manufactured and Wrought Samples

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