Investigation of Possible Antidotal Effects of Activated Charcoal, Sodium Bicarbonate, Hydrogen Peroxide and Potassium Permanganate in Zinc Phosphide Poisoning

Maitai, CK; Njoroge, D.; Abuga, Kennedy O.; Mwaura, A M; Munenge, Rahab W.

doi:10.4314/ecajps.v5i2.9686

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…They should be receiving 100-percent oxygen and treated for fluid and electrolyte abnormalities. Serum calcium and magnesium and liver/kidney function tests are mandatory (68).…”

Section: Treatment Of Acute Poisoningmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of aluminium phosphide poisoning and a flowchart to treat it

Hashemi-Domeneh

Zamani

Hassanian‐Moghaddam

et al. 2016

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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The use of pesticides such as aluminium phosphide (AlP) has increased in the recent years and improved the quantity and quality of agricultural products in a number of developing countries. The downside is that AlP causes severe chronic and acute health effects that have reached major proportions in countries such as India, Iran, Bangladesh, and Jordan. Nearly 300,000 people die due to pesticide poisoning in the world every year. Poisoning with AlP accounts for many of these deaths. Unfortunately, at the same time, there is no standard treatment for it. The aim of this article is to give a brief review of AlP poisoning and propose a treatment flowchart based on the knowledge gained so far. For this purpose we reviewed all articles on the management of AlP poisoning published from 2000 till now. Using a modified Delphi design, we have designed a handy flowchart that could be used as a guide for AlP poisoning management of patients in emergency centres.

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“…They should be receiving 100-percent oxygen and treated for fluid and electrolyte abnormalities. Serum calcium and magnesium and liver/kidney function tests are mandatory (68).…”

Section: Treatment Of Acute Poisoningmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of aluminium phosphide poisoning and a flowchart to treat it

Hashemi-Domeneh

Zamani

Hassanian‐Moghaddam

et al. 2016

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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“…For many years, gastric lavage with potassium permanganate (1:10,000) solution,[4445] administration of sodium bicarbonate,[4546] and activated charcoal (AC)[47] was routinely performed without any scientific background.…”

Section: Gastric Decontaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thoughts on the current management of acute aluminum phosphide toxicity and proposals for therapy: An Evidence-based review

Farahani

Soroosh

Marashi

2016

Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine

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The majority of aluminum phosphide (ALP) toxicity cases are suicidal attempts. Despite advances in critical care medicine, the mortality rate of ALP remains very high. Unfortunately, knowledge on the toxicokinetics of ALP is very low. An obsolete idea was proposed that inhibition of complex IV of cytochrome C oxidase is responsible for multiorgan dysfunction. However, based on human studies, this effect might be insignificant. Thus, a novel idea proposes that the main mechanism might be vascular wall integrity disruption. The low frequency of acute toxicity and unanswered questions about the toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics has led to leaden advances of novel treatments. The aim of this review was to evaluate problems regarding current treatment protocols and propose new ideas based on updated information. For this purpose, we reviewed all available articles on the management of ALP poisoning published to date. Considering failure of conventional therapies on maintaining systolic blood pressure, correcting acid-base disturbances, and support cardiac function, the previous treatment protocols have been overruled. However, repudiate of conventional treatments in this deadly condition is not without penalties for the health-care provider. The introduction of new therapies including refuse of gastric lavage with water-soluble compounds, administration of a high molecular weight colloidal solution for fluid resuscitation and termination using sodium bicarbonate, and vasoactive agents has been prospected to improve patient survival. This protocol is in early clinical evaluation; nevertheless, it appears to improve patient's survival; hence, future randomized trials should be performed to support their effectiveness.

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“…There is little evidence for the use of charcoal. 32 In laboratories environment, vegetable oils and liquid paraffin are barrier for phosphine release. 33 However, it has not been tested in the clinic.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%