Investigation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzo-p-furans and selected coplanar biphenyls in Scottish farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Jacobs, Miriam N.; Ferrario, Joseph; Byrne, Christian

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(01)00201-6

Cited by 65 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…However, rising consumer health awareness has also increased competition for fish oils from other users such as new 'high n-3' margarines or as encapsulated human health food products. More recently, however, increased concerns have arisen for the potential contamination of marine food chains, particularly with fat-soluble molecules, of which dioxins and PCBs are particularly noted (FSA Ireland 2002;Jacobs et al 2002;Lindstrom et al 2002). In addition to pushing the health-food supplement industry to ensure product quality, improved and more sensitive analytical techniques are also highlighting potential concerns for further accumulation when fed to aquaculture stocks.…”

Section: Productive Inputs: Fertilizers Feeds and Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing to harvest? Perspectives on the potential of aquaculture

Muir

2005

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Aquaculture has been one of the most rapid and technically innovative of food production sectors globally, with significant investment, scientific and technical development and production growth in many parts of the world over the past two decades. While this has had a significant effect on the global supply of aquatic food products and an important impact in rural and urban food supply and employment in many developing economies, growth and increasing internationalization has not been without concern for natural resource use, environmental impact and social disruption. The expectations for production and diversification are now significant and while the scientific and technical means are already available to meet much of the intended targets, practical constraints of investment, profitability, resource access and system efficiency are likely to become far more important constraints for the future. This review offers a contemporary perspective on the ways in which the sector might develop, its interactions with constraints and the strategies that may be required to ensure that future development is both positive and sustainable.

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Section: Productive Inputs: Fertilizers Feeds and Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing to harvest? Perspectives on the potential of aquaculture

Muir

2005

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…Many of these chemicals occur at elevated levels in farmed and wild salmon (Isosaari et al 2006;Jacobs et al 2002;Shaw et al 2006). Studies on various salmonid species have identified several tissues as primary targets for TCDD-induced pathologic lesions (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional properties of the four Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aryl hydrocarbon receptor type 2 (AHR2) isoforms

Hansson

Hahn

2008

Aquatic Toxicology

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The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor through which organochlorine contaminants including 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), and some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons induce toxicity and altered gene expression. Atlantic salmon has multiple AHR genes, of which two belong to the AHR1 clade and four belong to the AHR2 clade. The four AHR2 forms (α, β, γ, δ) are more highly expressed than the AHR1 (α, β,) forms and all six AHRs are highly similar in pairs, likely originating from a whole-genome duplication in the salmonid ancestor. It has been speculated that having multiple AHRs contributes to the very high sensitivity of salmonid species to TCDD and related chemicals. To test the hypothesis that all four salmon AHR2 proteins are expressed and functional, we measured mRNA transcription for each AHR2 inside several tissues, cloned the cDNAs and evaluated the functional properties of the expressed proteins. Analysis by real-time PCR revealed that the receptors showed differences in transcript levels among salmon tissues and that in general AHR2α was transcribed at higher levels than the other three AHR2s. Velocity sedimentation analysis showed that all four in vitro-expressed AHR2 proteins exhibit specific, high-affinity binding of [ 3 H]TCDD. When expressed in COS-7 cells, all four AHR2 proteins were able to drive the expression of a reporter gene under control of murine CYP1A1 enhancer elements. From EC 50 values determined in TCDD concentration-response experiments, all four salmon AHR2s show similar sensitivity to TCDD. In summary, all four Atlantic salmon AHR2 appear to function in AHR-mediated signaling, suggesting that all four proteins are involved in TCDD-mediated toxicity.

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“…The concentrations in the fish samples were also below the maximum residue levels established by the European Commission (EC, 2006b) for fish feed. For farmed fish, the main sources of contamination are represented by the fish meal and oil, and the aquatic environment where they live (Jacobs, Ferrario, & Byrne, 2002). Because of that, if the fish meal is based on less contaminated fish, then farmed fish is also expected to be less contaminated.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%