Investigation of Piezoelectricity and Resistivity of Surface Modified Barium Titanate Nanocomposites

Abstract

Polymer-ceramic nanocomposite piezoelectric and dielectric films are of interest because of their possible application to advanced embedded energy storage devices for printed wired electrical boards. The incompatibility of the two constituent materials; hydrophilic ceramic filler, and hydrophobic epoxy limit the filler concentration, and thus, their piezoelectric properties. This work aims to understand the role of surfactant concentration in establishing meaningful interfacial layers between the epoxy and ceramic filler particles by observing particle surface morphology, piezoelectric strain coefficients, and resistivity spectra. A comprehensive study of nanocomposites, comprising non-treated and surface treated barium titanate (BTO), embedded within an epoxy matrix, was performed. The surface treatments were performed with two types of coupling agents: Ethanol and 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilan. The observations of particle agglomeration, piezoelectric strain coefficients, and resistivity were compared, where the most ideal properties were found for concentrations of 0.02 and 0.025. This work demonstrates that the interfacial core-shell processing layer concentration influences the macroscopic properties of nanocomposites, and the opportunities for tuning interfacial layers for desirable characteristics of specific applications.

Enhanced Dielectric Permittivity of Optimized Surface Modified of Barium Titanate Nanocomposites

“…The surface modification of the BaTiO 3 (BTO) nano-powder using ethanol was used as the baseline datum for all studies, where it was used as a dispersant to aid in breaking down the particle-particle agglomerations [20]. The method for surface of modification using the ethanol and time study detailing the strategy for ascertaining agglomeration and dispersion of BTO using a Zeiss Sigma Field Emission scanning electron microscope (SEM, Oberkochen, Germany) and an Oxford INCA PentaFET x3 8100 energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS, Oberkochen, Germany) is described in [55].…”

“…Glycidyloxypropyl type silane was chosen as the organic functional group in this work because glycidylfunctional epoxy resin i.e., dyglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) is the matrix material for the nanocomposites [50,56], this coupling agent is suitable for this type of matrix material. Four different volume fractions of coupling agent were used in this study: 0.01, 0.015, 0.020 and 0.025 (v/v i.e., volume fraction percentage) to surface modify the BaTiO 3 nano-powder using a process described by [55]. Subsequent sol gel synthesis and spin coat and film deposition processes were performed using the process describe in [55].…”

“…Four different volume fractions of coupling agent were used in this study: 0.01, 0.015, 0.020 and 0.025 (v/v i.e., volume fraction percentage) to surface modify the BaTiO 3 nano-powder using a process described by [55]. Subsequent sol gel synthesis and spin coat and film deposition processes were performed using the process describe in [55].…”

Characterization of barium titanate reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene rubber composites for flexible electronic applications: influences of barium titanate content

“…8(b)). This may be related to better interaction between BT and NBR 51 . Figure 8(c) shows the conductivities of NBR and NBR/BT composites.…”

“…This indicates good filler–rubber interactions. The dissipation factor or tan δ represents the ratio of dielectric loss with dielectric constant 51 . It is seen that at a frequency < 10 6 Hz, tan δ of the NBR/BT composites was higher than that of NBR.…”