Investigation of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in Brazilian hospital wastewater by LC-QTOF MS screening combined with a preliminary exposure and in silico risk assessment

Becker, Raquel Wielens; Ibáñez, María; Lumbaque, Elisabeth Cuervo; Wilde, Marcelo L.; Rosa, Tainá Flôres da; Hernández, Félix; Sirtori, Carla

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134218

Cited by 45 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…CAF is a natural alkaloid present in coffee and other beverages, products containing cocoa or chocolate, dietary supplements, and in some medications such as some analgesic formulations ( Wielens Becker et al, 2020 ). Thus, unknown loadings of CAF through WWTP effluents reach final receivers, being therefore one of the most frequently detected compound in EU freshwater bodies, found in concentrations up to 50,000 ng/L ( Di Lorenzo et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of multiclass pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) in hospital WWTP influent and effluent samples by UHPLC-Orbitrap MS: Temporal variation, removals and environmental risk assessment

Kosma

Kapsi

Konstas

et al. 2020

Environmental Research

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Nowadays the occurrence and associated risks of Pharmaceutical Active Compounds (PhACs) in the aquatic environment comprises a major issue. In the present study, a comprehensive survey on contamination profiles, occurrence, removals, temporal variation and ecological risk of multiclass multiresidue PhACs, such as antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, lipid regulators and phsychiatrics, (including past and newly monitored PhACs as well as some of their metabolites) was performed in wastewaters from the WWTP of Ioannina University hospital along one year period on a monthly sampling basis. WWTP influent and effluent samples were analyzed for physicochemical quality parameters and PhACs concentration levels using Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Orbitrap-Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS), after Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) through Oasis HLB cartridges. Influent concentrations ranged between < LOQ (Limit of Quantification) for diclofenac and tolfenamic acid and 48586 ng/L for caffeine, while effluent concentrations between < LOQ for tolfenamic acid and simvastatin and 3361 ng/L for caffeine. Removal efficiencies ranged between −132.6% for venlafaxine and 100% for caffeine. Environmental risk assessment by means of Risk Quotient (RQ) for maximum and minimum concentration levels as well as optimized by the frequency of exceeding toxicity threshold values, RQ f , was applied revealing that up to 12 PhACs posed acute toxicity (clofibric acid, fenofibrate, sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, amitryptiline, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, norfluoxetine, sertraline, venlafaxine, caffeine) while up to 4 compounds exerted long-term toxicity (sulfamethoxazole, fluoxetine, sertraline, caffeine) at least for one of the studied organisms. Furthermore, mixture RQ MEC/PNEC and RQ STU effect of multiple compounds showed high potential risks of the target groups in some cases, although some contaminants were not included due to lack of available data. Results can be used to prioritization of PhACs and their metabolites for surveillance in receiving water bodies as well as development of knowledge on toxicity and mechanism(s) of action.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of multiclass pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) in hospital WWTP influent and effluent samples by UHPLC-Orbitrap MS: Temporal variation, removals and environmental risk assessment

Kosma

Kapsi

Konstas

et al. 2020

Environmental Research

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“…The ubiquous presence of caffeine can be a strong indicator of water contamination by inadequately treated sewage (Li et al, 2020). High levels of caffeine associated with the presence of sanitary e uent have been found in inland and coastal waters in Brazil and in other parts of the world, suggesting that it can be used as a tracer of anthropogenic activity (Li et S3) probably because of the estuarine dispersion to the coastal area, in the absence of additional information to safely assess the real in uence of this compound in the aquatic environment, precaution is recommended regarding its effects of the aquatic biota (Korekar et al, 2020) thereafter a quantitative structure-activity relationship modelation, predicted the effect of both parental compounds and metabolites, based on their degradability and bioaccumulative proprieties, revealing that they could be toxic to the environment and human health (Wielens Becker et al, 2020). In almost all sampling points, the compounds detected more frequently and in greater quantity were caffeine, diclofenac and losartan, with the maximum values detected in the sampling points located on the north coast (P1: losartan and diclofenac) and centre-north (P3: caffeine and losartan).…”

Section: Spatial Distribution Of Ppcps On the Coastal Waters Of Santa Catarinamentioning

confidence: 99%

First Report On The Occurrence of Pharmaceuticals And Cocaine In The Coastal Waters of Santa Catarina, Brazil, And Its Related Ecological Risk Assessment

Pisetta

Roveri

Guimarães

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The worldwide occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in aquatic ecosystems is reason for concern, since these emerging micro pollutants, includes a large and diverse group of organic compounds, with continuous input, high environmental persistence and potential threat to biota and human health. The aim of this study was to evaluate, for the first time, the occurrence of twenty-seven PPCPs of various therapeutic classes (including cocaine and its primary metabolite, benzoylecgonine), in the coastal waters of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. Water samples were taken in November 2020, during the low tide periods, at eight sampling points located along the coast of Santa Catarina, covering its entire geographical extension. Sampling was carried out in triplicate and at different depths of the water column. Nine compounds were detected through liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS): caffeine (12.58-119.80 ng/L), diclofenac (1.398-7.920 ng/L), losartan (0.432-3.200 ng/L), cocaine (0.0248-0.1686 ng/L) and benzoylecgonine (0.0146-1.094 ng/L) were quantified in 100% of the samples; carbamazepine (0.0242-0.2720 ng/L) was quantified in 75% of the samples; acetaminophen (0.212-10.040 ng/L) was quantified in 60% of the samples; and both atenolol (1.13-2.50 ng/L) and orphenadrine (0.073-0.0886 ng/L) were quantified in 25% of the samples. The other PPCPs were below the limit of detection (LOD). The highest occurrence of these compounds was detected in the northern and central coastal region of Santa Catarina, namely in Penha and Palhoça cities. The sources of these compounds may be associated with areas with high population density, awaited by tourism, with consequent production of sanitary sewage and solid waste. The ecological risk assessment of these substances in the aquatic ecosystems showed that 67% and 77% of the compounds respectively presented no ecological risk, acute and chronic, but 44% presented low to moderate risks for acute and chronic effects in the three trophic levels evaluated. The occurrence of these chemical compounds can imply deleterious effects on the environmental health of Santa Catarina coastal zone, and therefore deserve more acute and directed attention.

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“…This is the case in Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Indonesia, India and Colombia ( 3 ), ( 4 ),( 5 ). Chemical substances, including residues of pharmaceuticals excreted within the hospitals, mainly by in-patients, have been the subject of recent monitoring investigations both in developed (among them ( 6 ), ( 7 ), ( 8 ) ( 9 ), ( 10 )) and developing countries (among them ( 11 ) ( 12 ) ( 13 )). However, increasing attention has recently been paid to the occurrence of (i) antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and genes (ARG) present in raw and treated hospital effluent, (ii) pathogens, and (iii) viruses ( 14 ), including Coronavirus in hospital effluent following the recent public health emergency ( 15 ), ( 16 ) ( 17 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends, new insights and perspectives in the treatment of hospital effluents

Verlicchi

2021

Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health

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Recently, investigations of hospital effluent management and treatment have not only interested research groups with acquired experience in the field but have also attracted the interest of new groups over the world. The most recent literature provides new insights into the occurrence of pharmaceuticals and other contaminants of emerging concern, pathogens, viruses, antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes in hospital effluent in various new developing and developed countries. It also provides information on the effective removal of key compounds (mainly antibiotics, analgesics, beta-blockers and chemotherapy drugs) by means of enhanced biological treatments and advanced oxidation processes. The current debate among the scientific community is mainly about the proper treatment to reduce the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes, and about the feasibility (from a technical and economic point of view) of treatment trains tested at lab and pilot scale.

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Investigation of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in Brazilian hospital wastewater by LC-QTOF MS screening combined with a preliminary exposure and in silico risk assessment

Cited by 45 publications

References 60 publications

Assessment of multiclass pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) in hospital WWTP influent and effluent samples by UHPLC-Orbitrap MS: Temporal variation, removals and environmental risk assessment

Assessment of multiclass pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) in hospital WWTP influent and effluent samples by UHPLC-Orbitrap MS: Temporal variation, removals and environmental risk assessment

First Report On The Occurrence of Pharmaceuticals And Cocaine In The Coastal Waters of Santa Catarina, Brazil, And Its Related Ecological Risk Assessment

Trends, new insights and perspectives in the treatment of hospital effluents

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