“…The content of this compound, as well as that of some oxidized pheophytins (48,63), was the highest in the freeze-dried spirulina. Another group of compounds formed by the degradation of chlorophylls is that of pheophorbides a, b (11,7), which are the products of the demetallization and hydrolysis of phytol groups, which occurred at the highest level in spirulina vacuum-dried at 40 • C. The same trend was observed for their pyro-products (13,19), which were decomposition products after further demethoxycarbonylation, as well as their oxidation products, such as hydroxypheophorbide (6,8) and hydroxylactonepheophorbide (9,60). After the vacuum drying of spirulina at 40 • C, the formation of hydroxychlorophyll (39,43,49), chlorophyllide (5) and hydroxochlorophyllide (4) was observed.…”
Section: The Impacts Of Drying Methods On Pigmentsmentioning
confidence: 61%
“…It contains all the essential amino acids, making it an appropriate supplement to a vegetarian diet, as well as functional food components [11,12]. Moreover, as a source of branched-chained amino acids (BCAAs), spirulina is a promising alternative to whey proteins in the production of BCAA-containing peptides [13]. Thus, this microalgae is a valuable source of nutrients and phytochemicals for use in food, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.…”
Drying is an inseparable part of industrial microalgae production. In this work, the impacts of eight different drying methods on the metabolome and lipidome of Arthrospira platensis were investigated. The studied drying methods were freeze drying (FD), sun drying (SD), air drying at 40 and 75 °C (AD′ and AD″), infrared drying at 40 and 75 °C (IRD′ and IRD″), and vacuum drying at 40 and 75 °C (VD′ and VD″). Results gathered by reversed-phase liquid chromatography separation coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (RP-LC-ESI-Orbitrap HRMS/MS) analysis allowed researchers to identify a total of 316 metabolites (including lipids) in aqueous and ethanolic extracts. The compounds identified in ethanolic extracts were mainly lipids, such as neutral and polar lipids, chlorophylls and carotenoids, while the compounds identified in the aqueous extracts were mainly amino acids and dipeptides. Among the identified compounds, products of enzymatic and chemical degradation, such as pyropheophytins, monoacylglycerols and lysophosphatidylcholines were also identified and their amounts depended on the drying method. The results showed that except for FD method, recognized as a control, the most protective method was AD′. Contrary to this, VD′ and VD″, under the conditions used, promoted the most intense degradation of valuable metabolites.
“…The content of this compound, as well as that of some oxidized pheophytins (48,63), was the highest in the freeze-dried spirulina. Another group of compounds formed by the degradation of chlorophylls is that of pheophorbides a, b (11,7), which are the products of the demetallization and hydrolysis of phytol groups, which occurred at the highest level in spirulina vacuum-dried at 40 • C. The same trend was observed for their pyro-products (13,19), which were decomposition products after further demethoxycarbonylation, as well as their oxidation products, such as hydroxypheophorbide (6,8) and hydroxylactonepheophorbide (9,60). After the vacuum drying of spirulina at 40 • C, the formation of hydroxychlorophyll (39,43,49), chlorophyllide (5) and hydroxochlorophyllide (4) was observed.…”
Section: The Impacts Of Drying Methods On Pigmentsmentioning
confidence: 61%
“…It contains all the essential amino acids, making it an appropriate supplement to a vegetarian diet, as well as functional food components [11,12]. Moreover, as a source of branched-chained amino acids (BCAAs), spirulina is a promising alternative to whey proteins in the production of BCAA-containing peptides [13]. Thus, this microalgae is a valuable source of nutrients and phytochemicals for use in food, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.…”
Drying is an inseparable part of industrial microalgae production. In this work, the impacts of eight different drying methods on the metabolome and lipidome of Arthrospira platensis were investigated. The studied drying methods were freeze drying (FD), sun drying (SD), air drying at 40 and 75 °C (AD′ and AD″), infrared drying at 40 and 75 °C (IRD′ and IRD″), and vacuum drying at 40 and 75 °C (VD′ and VD″). Results gathered by reversed-phase liquid chromatography separation coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (RP-LC-ESI-Orbitrap HRMS/MS) analysis allowed researchers to identify a total of 316 metabolites (including lipids) in aqueous and ethanolic extracts. The compounds identified in ethanolic extracts were mainly lipids, such as neutral and polar lipids, chlorophylls and carotenoids, while the compounds identified in the aqueous extracts were mainly amino acids and dipeptides. Among the identified compounds, products of enzymatic and chemical degradation, such as pyropheophytins, monoacylglycerols and lysophosphatidylcholines were also identified and their amounts depended on the drying method. The results showed that except for FD method, recognized as a control, the most protective method was AD′. Contrary to this, VD′ and VD″, under the conditions used, promoted the most intense degradation of valuable metabolites.
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