Investigation of OMA formation and the effect of minerals

Zhang, Haiping; Khatibi, Mona; Zheng, Ying; Lee, Kenneth; Li, Zhengkai; Mullin, Joseph V.

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.05.014

Cited by 62 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The deployment location of the sediment trap is close to the critical latitude of 30°N, where the local inertial period is approximately 24 h, which is very near to the local diurnal tidal period (DiMarco et al, 2000;Zhang et al, 2009Zhang et al, , 2010. Therefore, the oceanic response is generally inertial with elements of a sub-inertial coupling at periods of about 2-4 days and 5-12 days (Spencer et al, 2016).…”

Section: Currentsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Scales of seafloor sediment resuspension in the northern Gulf of Mexico

Diercks

Dike

Asper

et al. 2018

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

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Diercks, A-R, et al. 2018 Scales of seafloor sediment resuspension in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Elem Sci Anth, 6: 32. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1525/elementa.285 IntroductionThe sedimentation of large amounts of oil via marine snow and its accumulation on the deep seafloor (>1,200 m) during and after the Deepwater Horizon (DwH) oil spill (Passow et al., 2012;Valentine et al., 2014;Brooks et al., 2015;Chanton et al., 2015;Daly et al., 2016;Joye, 2016;Joye et al., 2016;Passow, 2016) raised questions regarding the distribution and re-distribution processes of freshly sedimented material (marine snow) on the seafloor. Once on the seafloor, marine snow contributes to unconsolidated fluffy sediment layers (Gardner, 1978;Gardner et al., 1984;1985;Walsh et al., 1988;Pilskaln et al., 1998;Newell et al., 2005) that are subject to resuspension and the production of benthic nepheloid layers (BNLs).Resuspension leads to the re-invigoration of degradation processes, which would impact the degradation rates of the oil associated with marine snow following the DwH accident (Ziervogel et al., 2016). Additionally, resuspension leads to lateral transport and redistribution of the material that sank to the seafloor. After the DwH accident such re-distribution processes make it especially difficult to estimate the total amount of Macondo oil that reached the seafloor (Passow and Hetland, 2016).BNLs, which are formed when the frictional stress of water motion strips sediment off the seafloor, therewith carrying particles into the overlying water layer, exist near the seafloor, but may reach tens to hundreds of meters upward into the water column (McCave et al., 1976). The thickness of the BNL extending above the seafloor scales with the strength of the bottom currents and the particle composition. Bottom currents >10 cm s -1 may cause resuspension events (Gardner et al., 2017), especially when low density phytodetritus or fine silt covers sediments, but large benthic storms reach 20 cm s -1 (Gardner et al., 1985). Besides locally resuspended material, particles in the BNL also include aggregates settling from the upper ocean as Time-series data of size-specific in-situ settling speeds of marine snow in the benthic nepheloid layer (moored flux cameras), particle size distributions (profiling camera), currents (various current meters) and stacked time-series flux data (sediment traps) were combined to recognize resuspension events ranging from small-scale local, to small-scale far-field to hurricane-scale. One smallscale local resuspension event caused by inertial currents was identified based on local high current speeds (>10 cm s -1) and trap data. Low POC content combined with high lithogenic silica flux at 30 m above bottom (mab) compared to the flux at 120 mab, suggested local resuspension reaching 30 mab, but not 120 mab. Another similar event was detected by the changes in particle size distribution and settling speeds of particles in the benthic nepheloid layer. Flux data indicated two other small-scale events, which occurre...

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Section: Currentsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Scales of seafloor sediment resuspension in the northern Gulf of Mexico

Diercks

Dike

Asper

et al. 2018

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

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“…Coagulation theory is well established as a basis for modeling marine snow formation and sedimentation (Jackson, 1990;Jackson & Burd, 1998). In addition, the aggregation of oil with mineral particles to form mineral-oil-aggregates has been studied for a long time (Bandara et al, 2011;Gong et al, 2014;Khelifa et al, 2002Khelifa et al, , 2005Lee, 2002;Zhang et al, 2012;Zhao et al, 2016). However, the problem of aggregation of oil with marine snow has seen less attention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Modeling of the Interactions of Oil, Marine Snow, and Riverine Sediments in the Ocean

et al. 2018

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Natural or spilled oil in the ocean can interact with marine snow and sediment from riverine sources and form Marine Oil Snow (MOS) aggregates including aggregates consisting of phytoplankton, detritus, and feces. Such aggregates have a fractal structure and can transport oil from the surface layers to greater depths in the ocean, eventually settling on the seafloor. In recent studies of the Deepwater Horizon and IXTOC‐1 oil spills in the Gulf of Mexico, this process was identified as one of the main mechanisms for transporting oil vertically in the water column. We have adapted a stochastic, one‐dimensional numerical model that uses coagulation theory to simulate MOS formation and sinking in the ocean and predict the time evolution of physical properties and spatial distribution of MOS. Here we present the model development, calibration, and validation with measured MOS field data in the Gulf of Mexico during the Deepwater Horizon spill. We use a sensitivity analysis to identify critical parameters, and suggest future model improvements and areas where further experimental investigation is needed to improve our understanding of MOS formation and sedimentation. The model can be used during response and planning activities associated with oil spills in the marine environments.

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“…In addition to the concentration of sediment, the type of sediment also influences OPA formation. Studies have shown that the amount of OPAs that can be formed is inversely proportional to sediment particle size (Ajijolaiya et al, ; Poirier & Thiel, ; Zhang et al, ). The amount and type of suspended sediment affect not only the amount of oil trapped in OPAs but also the size and type of OPAs that are formed (Cloutier et al, ; Guyomarch et al, ; Omotoso et al, ; Stoffyn‐Egli & Lee, ).…”

Section: Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation, Fate, and Impacts of Microscopic and Macroscopic Oil‐Sediment Residues in Nearshore Marine Environments: A Critical Review

Gustitus

Clement

2017

Reviews of Geophysics

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Crude oil that is spilled in marine environments often interacts with suspended sediments to form residues that can impact the recovery of the affected nearshore ecosystems. When spilled oil and sediment interact, they can form either small microscopic aggregates, commonly referred to as oil‐particle aggregates, or large macroscopic agglomerates, referred to as sediment‐oil agglomerates or sediment‐oil mats. Although these different sized oil‐sediment residues have similar compositions, they are formed under different conditions and have different fates in nearshore environments; the goal of this review is to synthesize our current understanding of these two types of residues. We believe that researchers who focus solely on studying either microscopic aggregates or macroscopic agglomerates could benefit from understanding the research findings available in the other field. In this study, we compare and contrast various processes that control the formation, fate, and impacts of these two types of residues in nearshore environments and point out some of the knowledge gaps in this field. Additionally, these residues have been referred to by many names in the past, leading to confusion and misconceptions at times. In this effort, we recommend a uniform nomenclature to distinguish them based on their physical size. Our overall aim is to bridge the gap between microscopic and macroscopic oil‐sediment residue literature to foster a robust exchange of ideas, which we believe can lead to the development of efficient strategies for managing oil spills that affect nearshore environments.

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Investigation of OMA formation and the effect of minerals

Cited by 62 publications

References 23 publications

Scales of seafloor sediment resuspension in the northern Gulf of Mexico

Scales of seafloor sediment resuspension in the northern Gulf of Mexico

Numerical Modeling of the Interactions of Oil, Marine Snow, and Riverine Sediments in the Ocean

Formation, Fate, and Impacts of Microscopic and Macroscopic Oil‐Sediment Residues in Nearshore Marine Environments: A Critical Review

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