Investigation of nitrogen compounds in coal tar products. 1. Unfractionated materials

Burchill, Paul; Herod, Alan A.; Pritchard, Ernest

doi:10.1016/0016-2361(83)90245-4

Cited by 42 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Due to these environmental problems, coal upgrading has been prioritized. Several different processes of coal upgrading can be performed, such as moisture removal, de-mineralization, and removal of harmful constituents (e.g., sulfur, nitrogen, and heavy metals) [45][46][47][48][49][50][51]. Consequently, it is important to know the composition of coal and of its derivatives in order to develop environmentally friendly processes and uses of these materials.…”

Section: The Importance Of Coalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nitrogen polyaromatic compounds (NPAC) are present in fossil fuels as a complex mixture. Percentages of NPAC are usually less than 0.5% in crude oil and around 1-2% in shale oil and coal tar [49]. While conventional petroleum-derived fuels are low in nitrogen, typical liquid fuels derived from coal have much higher nitrogen contents and give rise to significant amounts of NO, during combustion.…”

Section: Nitrogen Containing Compounds In Coal Tarmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several basic nitrogen compounds are toxic and the aza-heterocycles and primary aromatic amines are suspected of carcinogenic activity. In general, neutral nitrogen compounds are supposed to be less toxic; however, several some dibenzocarbazoles have been already reported as carcinogens [49]. In addition, the combustion of nitrogen rich fuels is known to release many NPAC and NO, into the atmosphere [110].…”

Section: Nitrogen Containing Compounds In Coal Tarmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gas chromatography coupled to different selective detectors, such as the chemiluminescence detector (NCD), has been used for the analysis of NPAC in bituminous coal [112]. Burchill et al used nitrogen and phosphorus detector (NPD) for the analysis of NPAC in coal tar products [49,113]. The hyphenation of GC × GC with nitrogen chemiluminescence detection (GC × GC-NCD) has been reported to achieve the identification of various N-compounds in diesel fuel [114][115][116], while NPD was employed for the analysis of N-containing compounds in heavy gas oil [30].…”

Section: Nitrogen Containing Compounds In Coal Tarmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography and Its Application to the Investigation of Pyrolytic Liquids

Maciel¹,

Silva²,

Bispo³

et al. 2017

Pyrolysis

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The chapter presents basic principles of one-dimensional gas chromatography (1D-GC) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) related to the main advantages of the two-dimensional technique, as well as its application to the study of organic compounds in liquids derived from coal, mainly through pyrolysis and extraction. It also shows the investigation of compounds contained in bio-oils obtained from biomass through pyrolysis, using GC × GC. Advances in scientific knowledge related to the composition of these complex matrices are shown through different examples of GC × GC analyses, such as the identification of trace compounds that would not be perceived by 1D-GC, organized patterns of elution of structurally related compounds that help their identification, etc. Examples shown make it clear that GC × GC is the technique of choice to elucidate composition of these complex matrices.

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Section: The Importance Of Coalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nitrogen Containing Compounds In Coal Tarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nitrogen Containing Compounds In Coal Tarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nitrogen Containing Compounds In Coal Tarmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography and Its Application to the Investigation of Pyrolytic Liquids

Maciel¹,

Silva²,

Bispo³

et al. 2017

Pyrolysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the early 1980s, Burchill et al (,b,c) used GC with a nitrogen‐selective alkali‐flame detector in combination with GC/MS for qualitative and quantitative analyses of the NCCs in coal tar and its derivatives. They found that 39 NCCs in a LTCT are almost N ‐heterocyclic aromatics with the exception of a diphenylamine, mainly including alkylindoles, alkylquinolines, alkylbenzoquinolines, and alkylcarbazoles, alkylbenzocarbazoles along with their non‐substituted homologues (Burchill, Herod, & Pritchard, ). The NCCs in a basic fraction and its extraction residue from the LTCT were further characterized by GC with an alkali‐flame detector and GC/MS (Burchill, Herod, & Ernest, ).…”

Section: Small‐molecular Chemicals In Cdls Identified By Gc/msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of mass spectrometry in the characterization of chemicals in coal‐derived liquids

Liu

Fan

Wei

et al. 2016

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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Coal-derived liquids (CDLs) are primarily generated from pyrolysis, carbonization, gasification, direct liquefaction, low-temperature extraction, thermal dissolution, and mild oxidation. CDLs are important feedstocks for producing value-added chemicals and clean liquid fuels as well as high performance carbon materials. Accordingly, the compositional characterization of chemicals in CDLs at the molecular level with advanced analytical techniques is significant for the efficient utilization of CDLs. Although reviews on advancements have been rarely reported, great progress has been achieved in this area by using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), two-dimensional GC-time of flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOFMS), and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). This review focuses on characterizing hydrocarbon, oxygen-containing, nitrogen-containing, sulfur-containing, and halogen-containing chemicals in various CDLs with these three mass spectrometry techniques. Small molecular (< 500 u), volatile and semi-volatile, and less polar chemicals in CDLs have been identified with GC/MS and GC × GC-TOFMS. By equipped with two-dimensional GC, GC × GC-TOFMS can achieve a clearly chromatographic separation of complex chemicals in CDLs without prior fractionation, and thus can overcome the disadvantages of co-elution and serious peak overlap in GC/MS analysis, providing much more compositional information. With ultrahigh resolving power and mass accuracy, FT-ICR MS reveals a huge number of compositionally distinct compounds assigned to various chemical classes in CDLs. It shows excellent performance in resolving and characterizing higher-molecular, less volatile, and polar chemicals that cannot be detected by GC/MS and GC × GC-TOFMS. The application of GC × GC-TOFMS and FT-ICR MS to chemical characterization of CDLs is not as prevalent as that of petroleum and largely remains to be developed in many respects. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 36:543-579, 2017.

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Chemistry of Peri‐condensed pyrroles. Synthesis of 4H‐naphtho[1,4‐def]carbazole. A new route to nitrotriphenylenes

Klemm

Hall

Sur

1988

Journal of Heterocyclic Chem

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Reaction of 1‐nitrotriphenylene (7a) with triethylphosphite (Cadogan reaction) produces 4H‐naphtho[1,4‐def]carbazole, a likely component of fossil fuels. Surprisingly 7a and its 2‐isomer are obtained from treatment of triphenylene with sulfuric acid/trifluoroacetic anhydride in nitromethane. Correlation between ultraviolet spectra and substitution reactions in peri‐condensed pyrroles and thiophenes is presented.

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Investigation of nitrogen compounds in coal tar products. 1. Unfractionated materials

Cited by 42 publications

References 16 publications

Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography and Its Application to the Investigation of Pyrolytic Liquids

Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography and Its Application to the Investigation of Pyrolytic Liquids

Application of mass spectrometry in the characterization of chemicals in coal‐derived liquids

Chemistry of Peri‐condensed pyrroles. Synthesis of 4H‐naphtho[1,4‐def]carbazole. A new route to nitrotriphenylenes

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