Investigation of Ni–Fe–Cu-Layered Double Hydroxide Catalysts in Steam Reforming of Toluene as a Model Compound of Biomass Tar

Abstract

This work focused on the synthesis of a catalyst based on layered double hydroxides with a molar cation concentration Ni/Cu/Fe/Mg/Al of 30/5/5/40/20 and its performance in the steam reforming of toluene as a model compound of biomass tar. Its performance at different temperatures (500, 600, 700, 800, and 900 °C) and steam/carbon molar ratios (S/C ratios) (1, 2, 4, 6, 8) was studied. The contact time used was 0.32 g h mol−1. The catalyst obtained allowed us to reach 98–99.87% gas conversion of toluene with a low carbon deposition on catalyst surface (1.4 wt %) at 800 °C and S/C = 4. In addition, conversions in the range of 600–700 °C were higher than 80% and 90%, respectively, and the type of carbon deposited on the catalyst was found to be filamentous, which did not significantly reduce the performance of the catalyst.

Investigating the Catalytic Influence of Boron on Ni-Co/Ca Catalysts for Improved Syngas Generation from Rice Straw Pyrolysis

“…The variation in the production of H 2 and CH 4 was not significant. However, the CO 2 content decreased from 100.8 mL/g to 73.2 mL/g, and the CO content gradually increased from 171.0 mL/g to 243.6 mL/g, mainly due to the conversion of CO 2 to CO and the further cracking of tar (C + CO 2 → 2CO, CO 2 + H 2 → CO + H 2 O and CnHm + nCO 2 → 2nCO + m/2H 2 ) [44][45][46]. In summary, a longer residence time leads to more complete straw pyrolysis and a higher production of syngas.…”

Enhancement of Ni-NiO-CeO2 Interaction on Ni–CeO2/Al2O3-MgO Catalyst by Ammonia Vapor Diffusion Impregnation for CO2 Reforming of CH4

“…This can be explained by layered double hydroxide (LDH) synthesis via ammonia vapor diffusion impregnation [19][20][21]. When ammonia vapor is dissolved into the impregnated nickel-cerium nitrate solution on the support, a limited amount of hydroxide ions are produced, conducting the slow growth of the layered double hydroxide ([Ni 1−-x Ce x (OH) 2 ] z+ (NO 3 ) z •nH 2 O) throughout the diffusion time [22][23][24]. In this complex, metal ions are connected based on the inorganic layer as a multicomponent nanostructure.…”

Turning hazardous volatile matter compounds into fuel by catalytic steam reforming: An evolutionary machine learning approach

“…Higher temperatures generally accelerate endothermic reactions (e.g., decomposition and dehydrogenation of aromatic substances) involved in steam reforming, increasing tar conversion (Díez et al, 2020). However, excessive temperature (e.g., >800 °C, as shown in Figure 7) leads to the catalyst sintering phenomenon, decreasing tar conversion (Gu et al, 2020).…”