Investigation of natural gas theft by magnetic remanence mapping

Dobó, Zsolt; Kovács, Helga; Tóth, Pál; Palotás, Árpád Bence

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.09.020

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The rise time of the current is about 1ms. This low value is imposed by the fast dynamic of the converter, despite this no voltage overshoot is noticeable; this trade-off aims at preserving the EL [30]. On the other hand, it can be noted that the voltage requires about 20 s to reach the steady-state value.…”

Section: Analysis Of the Experimental Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Realization of a Stacked Interleaved DC–DC Step‐Down Converter for PEM Water Electrolysis with Improved Current Control

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In order to face the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources (RES), hydrogen production and storage are considered an attractive solution. Nowadays, RES (e.g., wind, photovoltaic), and fossil fuels (e.g., coal, natural gas) are the various resources available on the planet Earth to produce hydrogen. Water electrolysis is one of the most interesting ways of producing hydrogen from RES; this electrochemical reaction is realized through an electrolyzer. Usually, DC–DC step‐down converters are used in the hydrogen production systems since electrolyzers must be supplied with a very low DC voltage to generate hydrogen from deionized water. Although these converters are widely used, they have several drawbacks from output current ripples and energy efficiency point of view. In order to meet the requirements for electrolyzer applications, a stacked interleaved DC–DC step‐down converter has been used to carry out this work. The objective of this paper is to develop a control law of the studied converter based on the current flowing through in one of the phases. This control allows reducing phase current overshoot and oscillations, and consequently conduction losses. Finally, by an experimental investigation, the performance of the current controller from overshoot, stability and oscillation point of view has been assessed.

show abstract

Section: Analysis Of the Experimental Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Realization of a Stacked Interleaved DC–DC Step‐Down Converter for PEM Water Electrolysis with Improved Current Control

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the same year, the journal Forensic Science International published the article Investigation of natural gas theft by magnetic remanence mapping [17], showing the work done in Hungary to detect traces of tampering with magnets on a random sample of 80 natural gas meters. This type of fraud is very common but only affects meters that transmit electromagnetic pulses to corrector units or dataloggers.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fraud Detection in Utilities Using Data Analytics and Geospatial Analysis

Rodríguez¹,

Martínez²

2023

IJSSE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

One of the great challenges of any utilities around the world is the control of losses, which have different causes that are usually classified as technical (accuracy of equipment, leaks and breaks, construction and maintenance procedures) and NON-technical (thefts and frauds), affecting issues such: as investments for the expansion and maintenance of the networks, the profitability of the shareholders and even the continuity of the service. This article proposes a methodology for the detection of NON-technical losses common to any utility company, based on data analytics on business information enriched with data from third parties through geospatial analysis from its geographic location and market segmentation, which allows finding patterns on anomalous situations through supervised (on historical information) and unsupervised (if no information is available) machine learning models. The results of different classification algorithms used in data analytics were analyzed and the one with the highest accuracy and lowest type two error rates (false negatives) was selected to perform field verification work. The methodology was implemented in a natural gas distribution company and was contrasted with methodologies proposed by other authors for electric energy distribution companies, who consider that the problem should be addressed based on an analysis of historical consumption and its deviations. The results obtained with the proposed methodology improve the accuracy and sensitivity of the models by more than 20% and decreases false negatives by the same percentage, facilitating the verification and normalization of customers in anomalous situations and/or fraudulent conditions.

show abstract

“…Problem kradzieży energii i nośników energii jest powszechnie znany, niezależnie od długości i szerokości geograficznej (Wallace, 2011;Masood, 2013;Wang i Zhang, 2013;Dobo et al, 2014;Jaworski i Gacek, 2016;Touhidi i Davoudi, 2018). Pomysłowość odbiorców gazu w zakresie jego nielegalnego poboru jest imponująca -najprostsza metoda polega na omijaniu gazomierza za pomocą zwykłego obejścia, wykonanego np.…”

Section: Zbigniew Gacekunclassified

Wpływ magnesów neodymowych na pomiar paliwa gazowego gazomierzami miechowymi

Gacek¹,

Badawczy²

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The article deals with the problem of illegal fuel gas consumption among individual consumers in households, especially with regard to gas theft using neodymium magnets attached to diaphragm gas meters. First, the author presents a historical outline of the use of neodymium magnets for the purpose of illegal consumption of fuel gas. The current legal status regarding the requirements for gas meters resistance to tampering and the activities of the Oil and Gas Institute – National Research Institute (INiG – PIB) and Distribution System Operators aimed at eliminating the possibility of illegal gas consumption with the use of neodymium magnets were discussed. Currently possible methods of confirming gas theft using gas meters exposed to the magnetic field of neodymium magnets were presented. Next, the methods of performing at the INiG – PIB laboratory expert examinations of gas meters suspected to be used for illegal gas consumption after their removal from the distribution network were described, and the criteria for assessing these gas meters were given. Based on the expert examinations of gas meters carried out at the Laboratory of Flow Metrology INiG – PIB in the years 2006–2020, a summary of the share of gas meters tampered with the use of neodymium magnets and gas meters with an increased remanence level was presented in relation to performed in a given year expert examinations of gas meters suspected to be used for illegal gas consumption. The methods of counteracting the theft of fuel gas with diaphragm gas meters tampered with the use of neodymium magnets were shown. It has been proved that at present the EC type examination certificate (MID Directive) and the certificate of compliance with the requirements of EN 1359 or OIML R 137-1 & 2 specification do not confirm gas meters resistance to gas theft involving the use of a strong magnetic field. Requirements for new diaphragm gas meters in terms of their resistance to neodymium magnets were presented, and updated criteria for the evaluation of the test results of gas meters exposed to these magnets were given. Finally, a conclusion was proposed regarding the necessity to include provisions on the resistance of diaphragm gas meters to magnetic field in the relevant normative documents for gas meters in order to provide a systemic safeguard for the parties to fuel gas supply contracts.

show abstract

Investigation of natural gas theft by magnetic remanence mapping

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

Design and Realization of a Stacked Interleaved DC–DC Step‐Down Converter for PEM Water Electrolysis with Improved Current Control

Design and Realization of a Stacked Interleaved DC–DC Step‐Down Converter for PEM Water Electrolysis with Improved Current Control

Fraud Detection in Utilities Using Data Analytics and Geospatial Analysis

Wpływ magnesów neodymowych na pomiar paliwa gazowego gazomierzami miechowymi

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About