Investigation of natural gas hydrate slurry flow properties and flow patterns using a high pressure flow loop

Ding, Luyi; Lv, Xiaofang; Liu, Yang; Wu, Haixia; Wang, Wei

doi:10.1016/j.ces.2016.02.040

Cited by 68 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In fact, part of the hydrate would After 190 min, ∆P began to decrease, and, within the next 100 min, the value of ∆P decreased by 9 kPa (24% of the maximum value). The hydrate growth and agglomeration were more violent because of the presence of more gas-liquid interfaces and gas-liquid-solid contact areas in the multiphase system, and pressure decreased rapidly after hydrate formation [31]. Webb et al [26] reported the same variation in the viscosity using an autoclave, while Joshi et al [10] also observed similar results for ∆P in a flow loop.…”

Section: Typical Experimental Runsupporting

confidence: 56%

Investigation of the Flow Characteristics of Methane Hydrate Slurries with Low Flow Rates

Tang

Zhao

et al. 2017

Energies

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Gas hydrate blockage in pipelines during offshore production becomes a major problem with increasing water depth. In this work, a series of experiments on gas hydrate formation in a flow loop was performed with low flow rates of 0.33, 0.66, and 0.88 m/s; the effects of the initial subcooling, flow rate, pressure, and morphology were investigated for methane hydrate formation in the flow loop. The results indicate that the differential pressure drop (∆P) across two ends of the horizontal straight pipe increases with increasing hydrate concentration at the early stage of gas hydrate formation. When the flow rates of hydrate fluid are low, the higher the subcooling is, the faster the transition of the hydrates macrostructures. Gas hydrates can agglomerate, and sludge hydrates appear at subcoolings of 6.5 and 8.5 • C. The difference between the ∆P values at different flow rates is small, and there is no obvious influence of the flow rates on ∆P. Three hydrate macrostructures were observed: slurry-like, sludge-like, and their transition. When the initial pressure is 8.0 MPa, large methane hydrate blockages appear at the gas hydrate concentration of approximately 7%. Based on the gas-liquid two-phase flow model, a correlation between the gas hydrate concentration and the value of ∆P is also presented. These results can enrich the kinetic data of gas hydrate formation and agglomeration and provide guidance for oil and gas transportation in pipelines.

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Section: Typical Experimental Runsupporting

confidence: 56%

Investigation of the Flow Characteristics of Methane Hydrate Slurries with Low Flow Rates

Tang

Zhao

et al. 2017

Energies

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“…A set of high‐pressure hydrate experimental flow loop has been designed and built in China University of Petroleum (Beijing), as shown in Figures and . The detailed description of this flow loop can be referred to the previous studies . The material of the flow loop pipe is stainless steel.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on hydrates blockage and restart process mechanisms of CO₂ hydrate slurry flow

Shi

et al. 2018

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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Being an alternative environment-friendly fluid for the refrigeration process, CO 2 hydrate slurry is undesired to result in hydrate blocking in the system.A series of water-based CO 2 hydrate slurry experiments were conducted to investigate hydrate blockages in a high-pressure flow loop. Blocking would occur soon after CO 2 hydrate formation onset. Rapid restart process after the first blocking was found to have serious consequence by inducing a fast hydrate regrowth and an irreversible secondary blocking. The mechanisms of the first blocking and the secondary blocking after the restart process were proposed, based on the observed phenomena and the particle chord length distribution data recorded by focused beam reflectance measurement probe.The influences of the initial flow rate on the supercooling, the induction time, the restart time, and the required time for the secondary blocking after the restart process were analyzed. The understanding on the blocking and restart process mechanisms of CO 2 hydrate slurry is important not only in the development of hydrate-based refrigeration system but also in the field of flow assurance in the oil and gas pipeline or for other applications such as the replacement of methane by CO 2 in the naturally occurring hydrate exploration.

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“…Setting temperature of the water bath was 0 C. The experiment list is shown in Table 3. To illustrate distribution of the data points on gas-liquid ow pattern map, the ow pattern map proposed by Ding et al 25 was cited here, as shown in Fig. 2.…”

Section: Materials and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of hydrate formation in gas-emulsion multiphase flow systems

et al. 2017

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Investigation of natural gas hydrate slurry flow properties and flow patterns using a high pressure flow loop

Cited by 68 publications

References 31 publications

Investigation of the Flow Characteristics of Methane Hydrate Slurries with Low Flow Rates

Investigation of the Flow Characteristics of Methane Hydrate Slurries with Low Flow Rates

Investigation on hydrates blockage and restart process mechanisms of CO₂ hydrate slurry flow

Study of hydrate formation in gas-emulsion multiphase flow systems

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Investigation of natural gas hydrate slurry flow properties and flow patterns using a high pressure flow loop

Cited by 68 publications

References 31 publications

Investigation of the Flow Characteristics of Methane Hydrate Slurries with Low Flow Rates

Investigation of the Flow Characteristics of Methane Hydrate Slurries with Low Flow Rates

Investigation on hydrates blockage and restart process mechanisms of CO2 hydrate slurry flow

Study of hydrate formation in gas-emulsion multiphase flow systems

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Investigation on hydrates blockage and restart process mechanisms of CO₂ hydrate slurry flow