Investigation of Morinda citrifolia Activities through Pinoresinol and α-EG Related Gene Expression

Abstract

α-EG is a unique substance that was first found in the leaves and fruits of Morinda citrifolia (Mc) growing in Thailand using GC-MS at 52.33% and 54.12%. It was then concentrated and its abundance quantified, along with that of pinoresinol, via GC, compared to the standards in leaves, ufp, rfp, rawfs, and seeds. α-EG and pinoresinol, which have collagen stimulating, skin whitening, and an inhibitory effect on wrinkle formation, were found in different concentrations and amounts. Three different concentrations of the five Mc part extracts were tested on NHDF for gene expression related to the aforementioned activities, COL1A1, COL1A2, and COL3A1, FGF1 and FGF7 by qRT-PCR. The results showed various expression levels, both stimulatory and inhibitory, with different concentrations of plant parts and genes. Similar results were revealed when the experiments were performed with Morus alba (Ma), which was found to contain 20.48 g protein p/100 g leaves at concentrations of 3.11 mg/mL. The studied Mc parts seem to have advantages based on the stated objectives, gene type and level of activity of each plant part. Rawfs and leaves supplemented with Ma samples were selected for toxicity tests with PBMCs. The lack of both cell and DNA toxicity from the rawfs indicated that they can be used safely.

A New Source and Large Quantity of Resveratrol in Cratoxylum Species and Their Activities on Normal Human and Cancer Cells

“…The plates were then incubated for 24 h at 37 • C in a 5% CO 2 atmosphere. The MTT assay, IC 50 and LD 50 calculations were performed following the protocols outlined by Freshney [13] and Sudmoon et al [15]. The hazardous levels of the compounds were categorized according to the guidelines provided by the World Health Organization [16].…”

“…The comet assay was conducted following the methods described by Sudmoon et al [15] and Singh et al [17]. All the extracts were tested for genotoxicity at their IC 50 concentration, or at a maximum working concentration when no IC 50 value was determined.…”