Investigation of Microbial Elicitation of trans-Resveratrol and trans-Piceatannol in Peanut Callus Led to the Application of Chitin as a Potential Elicitor

Abstract

It is well-known that the invasion of microbes such as fungi in some plants, including peanut, can induce the biosynthesis of stilbenoids such as trans-resveratrol and trans-piceatannol. However, in a recent study it was found that not all kinds of microorganisms possessed such potential. The Gram-negative bacterium Pseudochrobactrum asaccharolyticum isolated from the peanut callus failed to act as an elicitor. After systematic investigation, the different inductive effects between fungi and Gram-negative bacteria were attributed to the chitin content of the cell wall. Results showed significantly more trans-resveratrol and trans-piceatannol was induced by fungi (8.92-16.35 and 2.15-7.01 microg/g of fresh calluses, respectively) than by bacteria (1.77-2.72 and 0.16-0.52 microg/g of fresh calluses, respectively), regardless of species and viability. Such great differences prompted the direct utilization of chitin, the distinctive component of fungal cell wall, as an elicitor. The results that trans-resveratrol induced by chitin was about two-thirds the amount induced by sterilized fungi, whereas trans-piceatannol (2.55+/-0.60 microg/g) was close to that by sterilized fungi, revealed chitin is not only an important fungal constituent responsible for the induction of trans-resveratrol and trans-piceatannol but also an efficient elicitor by itself. These findings suggested sterilized fungi and chitin can be used as a safe and fast elicitor, as far as the risk of viable microbes is concerned, to induce trans-resveratrol and trans-piceatannol in the well-controlled peanut tissue culture.

Enhanced Production of Resveratrol, Piceatannol, Arachidin-1, and Arachidin-3 in Hairy Root Cultures of Peanut Co-treated with Methyl Jasmonate and Cyclodextrin

“…After treatment with NaOAc, H 2 O 2 , or MeJA alone, resveratrol and other stilbenoids accumulated in the medium of hairy root cultures of peanut and reached their maximum levels between 12 and 36 h. Thereafter, their concentrations decreased to barely detectable levels after 72 h of treatment (Figure 3). A similar decrease in resveratrol and piceatannol levels was reported when peanut callus was challenged with a fungal spore suspension as biotic elicitor 33 and UV irradiation as abiotic stress, 35 suggesting that peanut might have the ability to degrade these stilbene-type phytoalexins inside the root tissue or secrete specific enzymes to metabolize them after a temporal exposure to stress. However, the levels of resveratrol, piceatannol, arachidin-1, and arachidin-3 in the hairy root cultures co-treated with MeJA and CD remained high even up to 96 h. Interestingly, the levels of arachidin-1 and arachidin-3 also remained high in the medium over time in CD-treated peanut hairy root cultures, whereas resveratrol and piceatannol levels were not sustained over time.…”

Callus Induction and Cellular Suspensions from Murtilla (<i>Ugni molinae</i> Turcz.) for <i>trans</i>-resveratrol Production

“…FW (Ku et al, 2005;Yang et al, 2010). When comparing these results with those obtained here (cell line T3El2, with 52.6 µg t-P g −1 FW), Ugni molinae gave very similar t-P values compared the most productive line from the Red Globe cultivar and in addition, much higher t-R content values (line T3El3 with 553.4 µg t-R g −1 FW) compared to other plant species.…”

A survey of genes involved in Arachis stenosperma resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria race 1

“…Indeed, the accumulation of RS and its mRNA was observed in peanut in response to treatment with stress hormone, yeast extract, ultraviolet light, and after wounding (Chung et al 2003), fungal chitin treatment (Yang et al 2010), and infection with Aspergillus spp. (Sobolev 2008).…”