Investigation of Micro-Hardness, Wear Resistance, and Defects of 316L Stainless Steel and TiC Composite Coating Fabricated by Laser Engineered Net Shaping

Lian, Guofu; Zhao, Chenmin; Zhang, Yang; Huang, Xu; Chen, Changrong; Jiang, Jibin

doi:10.3390/coatings9080498

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Prior to commencing the laser cladding process, the substrate surface preparation was done with great precision. This preparation involved a thorough cleaning of the AZ61 magnesium alloy surface by using acetone, followed by rinsing with alcohol, and in a careful drying process to ensure no residual contaminants [21,22]. Initial images of the substrate surface were captured before treatment to document its pre-cladding condition, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parameter Optimization of Laser Cladding for Stelcar Powder Coatings on AZ61 Magnesium Alloy

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The main objective of this study is to improve the surface coating characteristics and reduce the dilution rate of AZ61 magnesium alloy using the laser cladding technique. This research work employed Taguchi (L16) orthogonal experimental design to investigate the relationship between process parameters and a cladding quality index. Parameters such as Scanning Speed (SS), Laser Power (LP), Powder Feed Rate (PFR) and Gas Flow (GF) were varied to analyze their impact on wear volume, dilution rate and micro-hardness of the key response variables in the laser cladding setup. Signal-to-noise ratios were calculated for each parameter to identify their individual effects on the responses. The findings indicated that powder feed rate predominantly influenced wear volume, accounting for 88.18% of its variation, while scanning speed has the highest influence on dilution rate (73.20%), and laser power significantly affected micro-hardness (84.60%). This study utilized grey relational analysis to determine the optimum processing parameters which simultaneously reduced wear volume, minimized dilution rate and enhanced micro-hardness. In particular, inclusion of Stelcar alloy powder in the substrate significantly influenced these outcomes. The application of grey relational analysis allowed the researchers to integrate multiple optimization objectives into a strategy, resulting in a clad with superior micro-hardness and minimal wear volume and dilution rate. The optimized parameters achieved the desired goals with a high degree of accuracy, confirming the effectiveness of multi-objective optimization in enhancing coating qualities and controlling dilution rate through laser cladding.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parameter Optimization of Laser Cladding for Stelcar Powder Coatings on AZ61 Magnesium Alloy

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…The literature review presented above demonstrates that the electron-beam surface modification and alloying are very promising for the improvement of the surface properties of Ti-based materials. In this direction, the formation of carbides could be a perspective direction as these components are known as hard and wear-resistant [22][23][24]. It is well known that the TiC compound is characterized by very high hardness, and therefore, it is expected that the fabricated composite Ti-C layers result in a significant improvement of the microhardness of the titanium substrates [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Characterization of Ti/TiC Composite Layers by an Electron-Beam Surface Modification

Valkov,

Nedeva,

Dunchev

et al. 2023

Coatings

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In this study, the possibilities for modification and improvement of the surface structure and properties of titanium substrates by a formation of composite Ti/TiC layers are presented. The layers were fabricated by a two-step electron-beam surface modification technique. The first step consists of injection of C powder within the pure Ti substrates by electron-beam alloying technology. The second step is the refinement and homogenization of the microstructure by the electron-beam remelting procedure. During the remelting, the speed of the motion of the samples was varied, and two (most representative) velocities were chosen: 5 and 15 mm/s. Considering both speeds of the motion of the specimens, a composite structure in the form of fine TiC particles distributed within the base titanium matrix was formed. The remelting speed of 5 mm/s led to the formation of a much thicker composite layer, where the TiC particles were significantly more homogeneously distributed. The results obtained for the Vickers microhardness exhibit a significant increase in the value in the mentioned mechanical characteristic in comparison with the base Ti substrate. In the case of the lower speed of the motion of the specimen during the remelting procedure, the microhardness is 510 HV, or about 2.5 times higher than that of the titanium substrate. The application of a higher speed of the specimen motion leads to a decrease in the microhardness in comparison with the case of lower velocity. However, it is still much higher than that of the base Ti material. The mean microhardness of the sample obtained by the remelting speed of motion of 15 mm/s is 360 HV, or it is 1.8 times higher than that of the base material.

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“…It is worth noting that reactive magnetron sputtering technology is a useful way to grow low friction solid films, such as TiN x , CrN x , TiC x and CrC x films and diamond-like carbon films as well as fullerene-like hydrogen carbon films [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26], which show not only low friction or even superlubricity but also high anti-corrosive properties via magnetron sputtering method [27][28][29][30][31]. Further, the so-called metallic oxycarbides MeO x C y , produced by magnetron sputtering, have attracted the interest of materials scientists.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Utilization of Carbon Dioxide to Prepare TiCxOy Films with Low Friction and High Anti-Corrosion Properties

et al. 2020

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Recycling carbon dioxide (CO2) for weakening the greenhouse effect is still an outstanding question. Although many chemical methods have been designed for CO2 conversion, they is still a need to develop new ways for CO2 recycling. Plasma methods were employed to convert CO2 into energy molecules, with the addition of H2, H2O and so on. Non heavy elements, like Ti, Cr, Si and Mo and so forth, were employed to take part in a reactive process, which might be very interesting for special scientific interest. In this work, magnetron sputtering method was used not only for igniting the plasma but also for providing Ti elements involved in reactions, via the selected Ti target. One can confirm that the TiCxOy films were successfully grew via sputtering a Ti target in CO2 atmosphere with Ar as dilute gas, which proved that CO2 is a key player in the matter of the involvement of excited CO2+, CO+, CO3− and so on, in the growth process reacting with Ti ions. The TiCxOy films exhibit the highest hardness (20.3 GPa), lowest friction coefficient (0.065) and the best corrosion resistance. The growth of the TiCxOy films are not only a new strategy for consuming CO2 but also a good way for reusing it for preparing TiCxOy films with high hardness for anti-corrosion and reducing friction. Moreover, reducing CO2 emissions via energy saving (through reducing friction and corrosion resistance) and recycling existing CO2 are both important for mitigating the greenhouse effect.

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Investigation of Micro-Hardness, Wear Resistance, and Defects of 316L Stainless Steel and TiC Composite Coating Fabricated by Laser Engineered Net Shaping

Cited by 6 publications

References 29 publications

Parameter Optimization of Laser Cladding for Stelcar Powder Coatings on AZ61 Magnesium Alloy

Parameter Optimization of Laser Cladding for Stelcar Powder Coatings on AZ61 Magnesium Alloy

Fabrication and Characterization of Ti/TiC Composite Layers by an Electron-Beam Surface Modification

The Utilization of Carbon Dioxide to Prepare TiCxOy Films with Low Friction and High Anti-Corrosion Properties

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