Investigation of Mechanical Twinning in The Ti‐24Nb‐4Zr‐8Sn P Titanium Alloy

An Investigation into the Microstructural Response to Flexural Stresses of a Metastable β‐Phase Ti Alloy produced by Blended Elemental Powder Metallurgy

“…[5] The formation of such a planar ω D layer was attributed to the accommodation of local strains at the interface arising due to α 00 formation or twinning of the matrix. [21,30] Another common deformation mechanism in Ti alloys is the twinning of the β-phase. In β-phase microstructure with low stacking fault energy, {112}〈111〉 and {332}〈113〉 twin families are widely observed.…”

A Review of In Situ Observations of Deformation‐Induced β ↔ α″ Martensite Transformations in Metastable β Ti Alloys

“…In situ X-Ray diffraction (XRD), synchrotron X-Ray diffraction (SXRD), and neutron diffraction (ND) studies are commonly used to gain insight into deformation accommodation mechanisms in alloys exhibiting phase transformation during loading. A number of publications described the α 00 martensite formation in metastable β Ti-Nb-based, [45,52,[54][55][56][57][58][59] Ti-Zr-Nb, [60] Ti-Mobased, [6,61] Ti-2Al-4.8Mo-6.3V-7.7Cr, [62] Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr, [63] and Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloys. [43] The X-Ray sources used in laboratories have limitations compared to neutron and synchrotron X-Ray sources due to their relatively large wavelength, low intensity, and presence of both Kα 1 and Kα 2 wavelengths make it difficult to separate the major peaks of β and α 00 martensite.…”

“…[59] Partial reversion of α 00 martensite (%18%) in Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr alloy on unloading from 4.1% compression strain was detected by in situ high-resolution SXRD. [63] Castany et al [57] observed a fully α 00 martensite microstructure in Ti-27Nb alloy on cyclic straining beyond 3%, whereas EBSD study of unloaded after 5% strain showed only the presence of β phase with {332}<113> β twins, indicating a full Reprinted with permission. [32] Copyright Elsevier, 2017. α reflections from α 00 variants 1 and 2, respectively.…”

“…The behavior of α″ martensite on load removal was studied in Ti–27Nb, [ 57 ] Ti–24Nb–4Zr–8Sn, [ 59 ] Ti–10V–4Cr–1Al, [ 72 ] Ti5Al–5Mo–5V–3Cr, [ 63 ] Ti–12Mo–3Zr, [ 37 ] Ti–10V–2Fe–3Al, [ 34 ] and Ti–Mo [ 41,80 ] alloys.…”

“…[ 59 ] Partial reversion of α″ martensite (≈18%) in Ti–5Al–5Mo–5V–3Cr alloy on unloading from 4.1% compression strain was detected by in situ high‐resolution SXRD. [ 63 ] Castany et al [ 57 ] observed a fully α″ martensite microstructure in Ti–27Nb alloy on cyclic straining beyond 3%, whereas EBSD study of unloaded after 5% strain showed only the presence of β phase with {332}<113> β twins, indicating a full reversion of α″ martensite with previously existing {130}<10> α″ twins reverting to {332}<113> β twins according to their crystallographic relationships. Full reversion of α″ martensite to the parent β phase on load removal in a 3% tensile‐strained Ti–10V–4Cr–1Al alloy was visible in in situ EBSD mapping.…”