Investigation of mechanical, thermal and water absorption properties of flax fibre reinforced epoxy composite with nano TiO2 addition

Prasad, Vishnu; Joseph, M. A.; Sekar, K.

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2018.09.031

Cited by 117 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This improvement of microhardness was mainly due to the gradual reduction of voids and pores with increment in loading of nanofiller into the matrix. Another fact which contribute to this increment in microhardness is that through the incorporation of hard ZnO nanoparticles into the epoxy resin, the matrix is rendered hard because these nano-particles in matrix restrict the movement of polymer molecules under the applied mechanical loads [38]. It is also evident that as a nanofiller concentration (wt%) gradually increases, load uptake capacity of the composites also increases this is due to the fact that more particles (ZnO) absorb applied energy and also inter-laminar distance between the particles in the matrix decreases, this results in composites exhibit more resistance to indentation by external loads [39].…”

Section: Surface Microhardness Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface topographical studies of glass fiber reinforced epoxy-ZnO nanocomposites

Thipperudrappa

Kini

Hiremath

et al. 2019

Mater. Res. Express

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The objective of present research work is to investigate the surface morphology and surface microhardness of unidirectional E-glass fiber epoxy composites filled with varying amount of ZnO nanofiller content such as 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 wt% respectively. ZnO nanofiller was added to the epoxy resin matrix in varying amount (wt%) using mechanical stirrer and followed by ultrasonication process. The laminate composites were fabricated using a compression molding press technique. Further, laminate composites were subjected to individual characterization and testing according to ASTM standards. The crystalline nature of ZnO nanofiller was studied using x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and surface morphology of ZnO nanofiller on the resin surface was examined by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The experimental test results revealed that addition of nanofiller content by 1, 2 and 3 wt% resulted in a gradual reduction of void fraction and thereafter increase in void fraction was observed with 4 and 5 wt% of ZnO loading. The surface microhardness results indicated a linear increment with increase in ZnO nanofiller loading from 1 to 5 wt%. Further, surface topography was studied with the help of atomic force microscopy (AFM), to obtain the surface roughness values. The surface roughness values increased with increase in ZnO wt% within the epoxy resin matrix. The results of the surface analysis of the fabricated composites indicate that at higher loading of ZnO nanofiller, there is formation of clusters and agglomerates of the nanofiller which reduces the nano-scale effects of the filler and nanofillers tend to behave as micro-fillers.

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Section: Surface Microhardness Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface topographical studies of glass fiber reinforced epoxy-ZnO nanocomposites

Thipperudrappa

Kini

Hiremath

et al. 2019

Mater. Res. Express

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“…where W 1 is the weight after immersion, W o is the initial weight, and W g is the weight gain percentage. Moreover, to measure the diffusion coefficient of moisture in the fabricated composite samples the Fick's law of diffusion is used [1,20] and the relation is given by Equation (11)…”

Section: Scanning Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same trend in the results for the elastic modulus was observed with the addition of the nanofiller. [6,20,22] The maximum value of the elastic modulus of 2.18 GPa was observed for the 4 wt% of nanofiller graphene with the matrix. Moreover, the increase in the filler content nanographene increases the stiffness of the polymer composites.…”

Section: F I G U R E 4 Elastic Modulus Of Composite Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same trend of results was observed with the addition of nanofillers. [17,20] Further, the addition of filler beyond 2 wt% may cause more filler particles to get agglomerated and thereby reduce the interfacial bonding between the fibers/matrix and fillers, which may cause the flexural strength to decrease. The increase in flexure properties can be attributed to the good dispersion of nanographene, which results in mechanical interlocking between the matrix and the fiber.…”

Section: Flexural Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[36] The uniform dispersion of fillers in the matrix enhanced the adhesion between the fiber and the matrix. [20] Previous studies reported that the incorporation of filler in the matrix is in the range of 1 to 10 wt%; if the filler loading is more than the permissible limit it caused the agglomeration and formation of voids in the fabricated composite material. [22] Saba et al [36] reported that the addition of 3% nano-oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber filler with kenaf epoxy composites improves the morphological and mechanical properties.…”

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Mechanical, ballistic impact, and water absorption behavior of luffa/graphene reinforced epoxy composites

KG¹,

Kalaichelvan

2020

Polymer Composites

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The mechanical, ballistic, and moisture intake properties of luffa fiber reinforced with graphene-modified epoxy composites were experimentally investigated. The nanofiller graphene particles were modified with a matrix using the mechanical stirring process. The filler (graphene) of size 20 nm is modified with the matrix of different weight percentages 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4. The samples for various testings were prepared with different compositions using a hand layup technique followed by compression molding. The results show that tensile, impact, and flexural strength were enhanced with the modification of the filler graphene up to 2 wt%. The ballistic impact results show that energy absorption increases with nanofiller modification. Minimum water intake behavior is observed for the composite samples incorporated with fillers. Failure mechanisms were studied on tensile tested specimens using a scanning electron microscopy. The morphological images showed defects like interfacial behavior, fiber pull out, voids, and internal cracks on the tested specimens. K E Y W O R D S ballistic impact behavior, composite material, graphene, Luffa cylindrica, mechanical properties 1 | INTRODUCTION Owing to their ecofriendly character, low cost, and availability, natural fibers created interest among researchers for producing sustainable polymer composites. [1] As the world is focusing on reducing the effect of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere, the demand for using natural fibers as reinforcements increased. [2,3] Inorganic fibers like carbon, aramid, and glass fibers have good attractive properties that make them ideal for use as reinforcements in polymer composites. [4] Nevertheless, synthetic fibers suffer from nonbiodegradability, high cost, and hazardous gasses during disposal, which made researchers find new alternative materials. [5] Hence, they tried to use natural fibers as alternative materials to overcome the problems of using synthetic fibers. [4,6] Natural fibers like sisal, [7] banana, [8-11] jute, [12-14] coir, [15,16] luffa, [17,18] hemp [19] and flax, [9,20] and so forth are most commonly used as reinforcements in polymer composites and those materials were used in various interior applications such as furniture, acoustics, vibration isolation, packaging, automobile industries, aeronautical, and marine sectors. [21,22] Their hydrophilic nature reduced compatibility, reinforcing effect, and stress transfer with polymer matrices made the natural fiber composites fit for use in light load and interior applications. The properties and quality of composites depend on the degree of compatibility between the matrix and natural fiber. [23-25] To enhance the bonding between the matrix and fibers researchers used different methods, one of which is surface treatments. Generally, surface treatments like alkali, [3,6,26-28] silane, [29,30] benzoylation treatment, [6,31] and so forth are used for treating the fiber surface. Tolera A. Negawo et al [32] studied the influence of alkali

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Natural/Synthetic Fiber‐Reinforced Bioepoxy Composites

Wang

Huang

Yan

2021

Bio‐Based Epoxy Polymers, Blends and Composites

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Investigation of mechanical, thermal and water absorption properties of flax fibre reinforced epoxy composite with nano TiO2 addition

Cited by 117 publications

References 39 publications

Surface topographical studies of glass fiber reinforced epoxy-ZnO nanocomposites

Surface topographical studies of glass fiber reinforced epoxy-ZnO nanocomposites

Mechanical, ballistic impact, and water absorption behavior of luffa/graphene reinforced epoxy composites

Natural/Synthetic Fiber‐Reinforced Bioepoxy Composites

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