Investigation of mass and energy coupling between soot particles and gas species in modelling ethylene counterflow diffusion flames

A novel soot concentration field estimator applied to sooting ethylene/air laminar flames

“…For example, if experimental data is used, then conservation will implicitly be accounted for. If numerical data is used and soot concentrations are estimated to be low ( ∼ O(1ppm) or lower), then having neglected conservation will have minimal impact (Zimmer, Pereira, van Oijen, & de Goey, 2017). If the soot concentrations are estimated to be high, then the error associated with neglecting conservation will be greater.…”

“…If the soot concentrations are estimated to be high, then the error associated with neglecting conservation will be greater. If the numerical results are tuned to experimental temperatures, which is common practice in the gas turbine industry, the error associated with neglecting conservation will be minimal (Zimmer et al, 2017).…”

Growth of Soot Volume Fraction and Aggregate Size in 1D Premixed C2H4/Air Flames Studied by Laser-Induced Incandescence and Angle-Dependent Light Scattering

“…The numerical model used in this work is described in detail by Zimmer et al [34], who assessed its accuracy for counterflow ethylene flames. The model consists of a set of one-dimensional conservation equations of mass, species mass, momentum, and energy.…”

“…Assuming a monodisperse soot particle distribution, the set of conservation equations is augmented by two conservation equations for soot mass fraction and number density (in particles per kg of mixture), respectively. The mass and energy coupling of soot and gas-phase species as described in [34] is neglected because the soot mass fractions are sufficiently low in the present flames. The soot model of Liu et al is a modified version of Leung et al, adding soot oxidation by OH and O (in addition to oxidation by O 2 ) and neglecting soot particle coagulation [20].…”

“…Premixed burner-stabilized flames are simulated by prescribing a mass flux and a fixed inlet temperature ( = 300 K), solving the energy equation in the rest of the domain. Gas and soot radiation are modeled using an optically thin grey-gas model with Planck mean absorption coefficients [34]. Since self-absorption of radiation is neglected, the heat loss can be overestimated.…”