Investigation of LBM-processed bimodal powder mixtures of the nickel base alloy HX and WC–Co

Schaak, C.; Kleszczynski, Stefan; Tillmann, W.; Witt, Gerd

doi:10.1007/s40964-018-0058-y

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This elongated diffusion zone can also be referred to as a W tail, which was already reported by Schaak et al in previous work [22]. Additional EDX line scans of this tungsten tail are presented in the Appendix (Fig.…”

Section: Tungsten Carbide-modified 16mncr5supporting

confidence: 73%

In situ modification of case-hardening steel 16MnCr5 by C and WC addition by means of powder bed fusion with laser beam of metals (PBF-LB/M)

Bartels

Novotny

Hentschel

et al. 2022

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Typical high-strength products are made from carbon-rich steels possessing relatively high carbon content, thus reducing weldability. In this work, preliminary studies on designing and tailoring a low-alloyed steel for the laser-based powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) process by adding carbon black (C) nanoparticles and tungsten carbide (WC) particles for enhancing the material properties are provided. First, the base material 16MnCr5 is modified with different concentrations of C and WC. It was found that an increased C and WC content resulted in an elevated material hardness in the as-built state. However, this comes at the cost of a poorer processability as pore formation increased for C-modified and crack tendency increased for WC-modified 16MnCr5. When applying a post-process quenching and optional tempering heat treatment, material hardness in the range of 615 HV can be achieved for C-enriched 16MnCr5 in the tempered state, which would be suitable for bearing and gearing applications. The addition of WC particles favored an improved wear resistance which is twice as high as the one of C-modified material for similar material hardness, showing the enormous potential of WC addition for reducing the wear rate. Complementary SEM and EDX analyses show that both the dilution and bonding zone of the WC particles are affected by the processing conditions and the WC concentration. Furthermore, it was found that a nearly defect-free fabrication of WC-enriched 16MnCr5 was possible for up to 2.5 wt.-% of WC, proving that the occurring defects are highly sensitive to the WC concentration.

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Section: Tungsten Carbide-modified 16mncr5supporting

confidence: 73%

In situ modification of case-hardening steel 16MnCr5 by C and WC addition by means of powder bed fusion with laser beam of metals (PBF-LB/M)

Bartels

Novotny

Hentschel

et al. 2022

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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“…More recent publications on alloy creation in LBM from powder mixtures are summarized in Table 1 , sorted by increasing density ratio, ρ A /ρ B , of the mixed components, A and B [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Often the focus of attention is set on microstructural details of novel alloy compositions exposed to the process conditions of LBM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Often the focus of attention is set on microstructural details of novel alloy compositions exposed to the process conditions of LBM. Because effects of LBM process parameters depend on the powder composition, local de-mixing can prohibit reliable processing and cause decreased relative density, ρ rel [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 25 ]. Especially towards larger density ratios, ρ A /ρ B , homogeneous distribution of alloying elements in LBM products is described as unsatisfactory [ 17 , 18 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Alloying Advantages by Dry Coating Metallic Powder Mixtures with SiOx Nanoparticles

et al. 2018

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Up to now, minimizing segregation of free-flowing, microscale metal powder mixtures driven by different mass density is an open challenge. In this work, effects of particle size variation on homogeneity of Al-Cu mixtures, with a density ratio of 3.3, are examined. Dry coating Al particles with 0.3 wt% fumed silica SiOx nanoparticles significantly decreases interparticle attraction. This enlarges the range of free-flowing Al particle sizes to < 20 µm. Powder mixture homogeneity is examined optically in vibrated bulk powder and thinly spread layers. From various powder mixtures, solid samples are built layer by layer with the Additive Manufacturing (3D printing) technology Laser Beam Melting in metal powder bed (LBM). Chemical homogeneity of solids is evaluated via energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, backscattered electron microscopy, metallographic analysis and tensile tests. Persistent homogeneity of Al-Cu powder mixtures and LBM solids is found only with particles < 20 µm dry coated with SiOx nanoparticles. Observed segregation phenomena are explained with a decrease in particle mobility at increasing local concentration and the decreasing effectiveness of mass in smaller particles. The main effects are based on geometry, so they are expected to be transferrable to other nanoparticles, alloying components and powder bed technologies, e.g., binder jetting.

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Diamond-impregnated 316L metal matrix composites fabricated by powder bed fusion with laser beam - Influences of the energy input on the microstructural properties

Wegner

Fehr

Platt

et al. 2020

Diamond and Related Materials

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Investigation of LBM-processed bimodal powder mixtures of the nickel base alloy HX and WC–Co

Cited by 5 publications

References 40 publications

In situ modification of case-hardening steel 16MnCr5 by C and WC addition by means of powder bed fusion with laser beam of metals (PBF-LB/M)

In situ modification of case-hardening steel 16MnCr5 by C and WC addition by means of powder bed fusion with laser beam of metals (PBF-LB/M)

Laser Alloying Advantages by Dry Coating Metallic Powder Mixtures with SiOx Nanoparticles

Diamond-impregnated 316L metal matrix composites fabricated by powder bed fusion with laser beam - Influences of the energy input on the microstructural properties

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