Investigation of killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptor gene diversity III. KIR2DL3

Keaney, L.; Williams, Fionnuala; Meenagh, Ashley; Sleator, C.; Middleton, Derek

doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.2004.00263.x

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In order to determine specifically which allelic variant of these genes predominates in the two groups of patients, we carried out an oligotyping analysis of KIR2DL2 and KIR2DL3 , as previously described [35], [36]. In relation to KIR2DL3 , we found that the KIR2DL3*001 allele was most common in SVR while KIR2DL2*001 was more frequent in NSVR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Diversity of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor (KIR) Genotypes and KIR2DL2/3 Variants in HCV Treatment Outcome

et al. 2014

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The aim of this study was to analyse the distribution of KIR haplotypes and the KIR2DL2/3 alleles in chronic HCV-infected patients in order to establish the influence on the response to pegylated interferon plus ribavirin classical treatment. The alleles study of previously associated KIR2DL2/3 showed that KIR2DL2*001 was more frequent in non-SVR (NSVR) (42.2% vs. 27.5%, p<0.05) and KIR2DL3*001 was associated with sustained viral response (SVR) (41.6% vs. 61.2%, p<0.005). The KIR2DL3*001-HLA-C1 association was also significant (24.5% vs. 45.7%, p<0.001). From the frequencies of KIR obtained, 35 genotypes were assigned on the basis of previous studies. The centromeric A/A genotype was more frequent in SVR (44.1% vs. 34.5%, p<0.005) and the centromeric B/B genotype was found to be significantly more frequent in NSVR (20.9% vs. 11.2%, p<0.001). The logic regression model showed the importance of KIR genes in predicting the response to combined treatment, since the positive predictive value (PPV) was improved (from 55.9% to 75.3%) when the analysis of KIR was included in addition to the IFNL3 rs12979860 polymorphism. The study of KIR receptors may be a powerful tool for predicting the combined treatment response in patients with chronic HCV infection in association with the determination of IFNL3 polymorphism.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Based on the results of KIR genotyping, patients with KIR2DL2 and/or with KIR2DL3 genes were genotyped as described elsewhere [35], [36] to identify different alleles. 146 NSVR and 103 SVR patients were randomly selected for this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor (KIR) Genotypes and KIR2DL2/3 Variants in HCV Treatment Outcome

et al. 2014

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“…In a previous report on 77 families in Northern Ireland (plus an additional 27 families added more recently) we examined KIR genes and alleles, making it possible to ascertain if an individual had one or two copies of the gene, although it was necessary to make some assumptions 32 . Gene content was first ascertained 23 and those genes present were allele typed 33–39 . Of the 418 haplotypes of the parents of the 104 families (haplotype information was derived from three parents in one family), there were 122 different haplotypes, taking into account both genes and alleles.…”

Section: Haplotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The extensive polymorphism of KIR genes

2009

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The functions of human natural killer (NK) cells are controlled by diverse families of antigen receptors. Prominent among these are the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR), a family of genes clustered in one of the most variable regions of the human genome. Within this review we discuss the vast polymorphism of the KIR gene complex which rivals that of the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) complex. There are several aspects to this polymorphism. Initially there is presence/absence of individual KIR genes, with four of these genes, termed framework genes, being present in all individuals tested to date, except on those very occasional instances when the gene has been deleted. Within each gene, alleles are present at different frequencies. We provide details of a new website that enables convenient searching for data on KIR gene, allele and genotype frequencies in different populations and show how these frequencies vary in different worldwide populations and the high probability of individuals differing in their KIR repertoire when both gene and allele polymorphism is considered. The KIR genes present in an individual may be classified into A and/or B haplotypes, which respectively have a more inhibitory role or a more activating role on the function of the NK cell. Family studies have been used to ascertain the make-up of these haplotypes, inclusion of allele typing enabling determination of whether one or two copies of a particular gene is present. In addition to genetic diversification the KIR gene complex shows differences at the functional level with different alleles having different protein expression levels and different avidity with their HLA ligand.

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“…36 KIR gene and allele typing PCR-SSOP for KIR genes was performed as previously described. 37,38 For KIR allele subtyping, PCR amplifications and SSOP hybridizations were performed as previously described: KIR2DL3, 39 45 Upgraded allele typing systems were devised for KIR2DS4 (to distinguish *003 from *007), KIR2DL4 (to discriminate between 9A and 10A alleles) and to resolve KIR3DL2 subtyping of genotypes containing ambiguous combinations of certain alleles. 46 Only one allele of KIR2DS1 and KIR2DS5 was present in the Irish.…”

Section: Subjects and Dna Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signatures of natural selection and coevolution between killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and HLA class I genes

et al. 2010

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Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system. In humans, NK cell activities are partly controlled by the diverse killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) gene family. The importance of NK cells in both immunity to infection and reproduction makes KIR strong candidates for genes undergoing dynamic evolution in the human genome. Using highresolution allelic typing, we investigated the potential role of natural selection in the diversification of KIR in the Irish population. Higher diversity than expected is observed at several loci, consistent with a history of balancing selection acting to maintain several allelic variants at high frequency in the population. KIR diversity is enhanced further at the haplotype level with functional polymorphisms at KIR2DL4, KIR3DL1 and KIR2DS4 defining nine 'core' haplotypes. Analysis of these core haplotypes in combination with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I ligands revealed several nonrandom associations. In particular, the KIR:HLA association for the core haplotype defined by KIR3DL1*01502 was female specific and a likely consequence of negative selection acting against KIR3DL1*01502 on an HLA-C1/C1 background. Many of the associations between KIR and HLA in the Irish differ from those previously reported, which argues against universal selective pressures for specific KIR:HLA combinations in diverse human populations.

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Investigation of killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptor gene diversity III. KIR2DL3

Cited by 20 publications

References 16 publications

Diversity of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor (KIR) Genotypes and KIR2DL2/3 Variants in HCV Treatment Outcome

Diversity of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor (KIR) Genotypes and KIR2DL2/3 Variants in HCV Treatment Outcome

The extensive polymorphism of KIR genes

Signatures of natural selection and coevolution between killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and HLA class I genes

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