Investigation of keyhole plasma during 10 kW high power fiber laser welding

Li, Shichun; G, Chen; Zhang, Y; Zhang, M; Zhou, Yu; Deng, Hui

doi:10.1088/1054-660x/24/10/106003

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A similar configuration of experiments was already performed by Li et al 14 to study the plasma and the keyhole behavior during high power deep penetration fiber laser beam welding of stainless steel. Zhang et al 15 also successfully used the butt configuration of quartz glass and zinc to study its behavior during laser beam welding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

On the search for the origin of the bulge effect in high power laser beam welding

Artinov

Bakir

Bachmann

et al. 2019

Journal of Laser Applications

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The shape of the weld pool in laser beam welding plays a major role in understanding the dynamics of the melt and its solidification behavior. The aim of the present work was its experimental and numerical investigation. To visualize the geometry of the melt pool in the longitudinal section, a butt joint configuration of 15 mm thick structural steel and transparent quartz glass was used. The weld pool shape was recorded by means of a high-speed video camera and two thermal imaging cameras, a mid-wavelength infrared camera and a newly developed infrared camera working in the spectral range of 500 to 540 nm, making it perfectly suited for temperature measurements of molten materials. The observations show that the dimensions of the weld pool vary depending on the depth. The regions close to the surface form a teardrop-shaped weld pool. A bulge region and its temporal evolution were observed approximately in the middle of the depth of the weld pool. Additionally, a transient numerical simulation was performed until reaching a steady state to obtain the weld pool shape and to understand the formation mechanism of the observed bulging phenomena. A fixed keyhole with an experimentally obtained shape was used to represent the full-penetration laser beam welding process. The model considers the local temperature field, the effects of phase transition, thermocapillary convection, natural convection, and temperature-dependent material properties up to evaporation temperature. It was found that the Marangoni convection and the movement of the laser heat source are the dominant factors for the formation of the bulge region. A good correlation between the numerically calculated and the experimentally observed weld bead shapes and the time-temperature curves on the upper and bottom surface was found.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

On the search for the origin of the bulge effect in high power laser beam welding

Artinov

Bakir

Bachmann

et al. 2019

Journal of Laser Applications

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“…Six Fe I spectral lines were selected for Boltzmann plotting to calculate the electron temperature of the plasma. The parameters of the selected six Fe I spectral lines are shown in Table 2 [4]. According to the collected spectrogram data at each moment, the electron temperature of the plasma can be calculated according to the Boltzmann diagram method.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Six Fe I spectral lines were selected for Boltzmann plotting to calculate the electron temperature of the plasma. The parameters of the selected six Fe I spectral lines are shown in Table 2 [4]. According to the relative intensity of the plasma spectral signal collected in the experiment, a Boltzmann diagram can be drawn, as shown in Figure 5, which is the Boltzmann diagram of a certain frame of spectrum in the first channel of the leading laser laser-MAG hybrid welding.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plasma behavior during laser welding is closely related to welding quality. Scholars [2][3][4] observed the plasma inside and outside the keyhole in the process of 10 kW fiber laser welding stainless steel and studied the mechanical characteristics of the plasma. Li et al [5] monitored the plasma during laser deep penetration welding of H340LA steel panels and learned that the plasma characteristics are closely related to the weld performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study on the Physical Characteristics of Plasma and Its Relationship with Pore Formation during Laser-Metal Active Gas Arc Hybrid Welding of 42CrMo Steel

Zhang,

Li,

et al. 2023

Photonics

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The automobile industry puts forward higher requirements for the design and manufacture of steel pistons. However, the welding of 42CrMo steel pistons still has unsolved technical problems, especially welding defects that cannot be directly detected, such as pores, which are easily generated inside the weld. A plasma experiment of laser-metal active gas arc (MAG) hybrid welding 42CrMo steel was conducted in this paper, and plasma signals inside and outside the keyhole were detected during the laser welding, leading laser laser-MAG hybrid welding, and leading arc laser-MAG hybrid welding of 42CrMo steel. The characteristic parameters such as electron temperature and electron density were calculated and analyzed to investigate the relationship between plasma behavior and the formation of weld porosity in the welding process of 42CrMo steel. Based on the fluctuations in plasma electron temperature and electron density, the prediction of pore formation in the weld of 42CrMo steel was made, aiming to provide guidance for achieving a stable and reliable laser-MAG hybrid welding process for 42CrMo steel.

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“…On the other hand, the numerical simulations need detailed validation through experimental work. Hereto, one current approach is to use camera observations of the weld pool flow through a lateral quartz glass [47][48][49] not exclusively for electromagnetic application and analysis. In the end, it is an interaction between the two approaches, which leads to enhanced analysis options.…”

Section: Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

High-power laser beam welding for thick section steels – new perspectives using electromagnetic systems

Rethmeier

Gumenyuk

Bachmann

2022

Science and Technology of Welding and Joining

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In recent years, it was shown that the introduction of additional oscillating and permanent magnetic fields to laser beam and laser-arc hybrid welding can bring several beneficial effects. Examples are a contactless weld pool support for metals of high thickness suffering from severe drop-out when being welded conventionally or an enhanced stirring to improve the mixing of added filler material in the depth of the weld pool to guarantee homogeneous resulting mechanical properties of the weld. The latest research results show the applicability to various metal types over a wide range of thicknesses and welding conditions. The observations made were demonstrated in numerous experimental studies and a deep understanding of the interaction of the underlying physical mechanisms was extracted from numerical calculations.

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Investigation of keyhole plasma during 10 kW high power fiber laser welding

Cited by 15 publications

References 28 publications

On the search for the origin of the bulge effect in high power laser beam welding

On the search for the origin of the bulge effect in high power laser beam welding

Study on the Physical Characteristics of Plasma and Its Relationship with Pore Formation during Laser-Metal Active Gas Arc Hybrid Welding of 42CrMo Steel

High-power laser beam welding for thick section steels – new perspectives using electromagnetic systems

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