Investigation of iron status and markers of inflammation in anaemic and non‐anaemic hospitalised cats

Roedern, M. von; Buriko, Yekaterina; Prittie, Jennifer; Lamb, Kenneth

doi:10.1111/jsap.12658

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Hospital-acquired anaemia is common in cats [ 24 , 25 ]. It is thought that anaemia of inflammatory disease is the most common cause of this finding [ 26 ]. The Intensive Group with UHF in the lavage solution had a slightly lower drop in haematocrit, making a bleeding tendency unlikely.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapy of Pyothorax in Cats via Small-Bore Thoracostomy Tube in Terms of Efficacy, Complications and Outcomes

Heier

Wurtinger

Hassdenteufel

et al. 2022

Animals

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First-line therapy for cats with pyothorax consists of intravenous antibiotics, drainage of the septic pleural effusion and closed-chest lavage. Large-bore thoracostomy tubes are traditionally used for drainage, but case series indicate a comparable efficacy using small-bore tubes. In this retrospective study, we describe a new technique of sheath-guided small-bore (6 F) thoracostomy tubes in cats with pyothorax and evaluate their efficacy and complications. Additionally, we compare outcomes between two treatment groups. Placement and use of the small-bore thoracostomy tubes described here has a low complication rate of 4% (3/67 tubes), and 53% (24/45) of the cats could be treated with thoracostomy tubes and closed-chest lavage according to the protocol. The success rate is reduced by 18% (8/45) due to deaths caused mainly by sepsis, 16% (7/45) due to structural diseases requiring surgery and a further 14% (6/43) due to lavage failures that could only be cured after additive therapy (thoracotomy or fibrinolysis). The long-term prognosis was very good, with a survival rate one year after discharge of 94% (30/32). We detected no effect on survival by early placement of bilateral thoracostomy tubes or closed-chest lavage with a heparinised solution. In conclusion, therapy of pyothorax with small-bore thoracostomy tubes is as successful as therapy with large- or medium-bore tubes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapy of Pyothorax in Cats via Small-Bore Thoracostomy Tube in Terms of Efficacy, Complications and Outcomes

Heier

Wurtinger

Hassdenteufel

et al. 2022

Animals

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“…The presence of chronic uremic inflammation can also contribute to a functional ID by decreasing the iron availability for erythropoiesis. 35 , 36 A decreased TSAT with decreased serum ferritin concentration is typically used to define absolute ID while a decreased TSAT with normal to increased serum ferritin concentration characterizes a functional ID. 8 , 11 Because of the role of serum ferritin as an acute phase protein, this differentiation is particularly difficult in case of inflammation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to chronic gastrointestinal and urinary blood losses in cats with CKD, uremia can affect further the iron status by decreasing food intake and impairing the intestinal iron absorption. The presence of chronic uremic inflammation can also contribute to a functional ID by decreasing the iron availability for erythropoiesis 35,36 . A decreased TSAT with decreased serum ferritin concentration is typically used to define absolute ID while a decreased TSAT with normal to increased serum ferritin concentration characterizes a functional ID 8,11 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic value of reticulocyte indices for the assessment of the iron status of cats with chronic kidney disease

Betting

Schweighauser

Francey

2022

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background Reticulocyte indices have been suggested as alternatives to transferrin saturation (TSAT) for iron status assessment in humans and dogs but they have not been evaluated thoroughly in cats. Objectives To assess the value of the reticulocyte indices for the diagnosis of iron deficiency in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and chronic hematuria associated with subcutaneous ureteral bypasses (SUBs). Animals Sixty‐four cats: 16 healthy, 14 CKD without SUB, and 34 CKD with SUB. Methods Prospective observational cross‐sectional study of cats presented for routine nephrology visits. Primary outcomes included assessment of the diagnostic values of erythrocyte indices (mean corpuscular volume, hemoglobin, and hemoglobin concentration: MCV, MCH, and MCHC) and reticulocyte indices (mean corpuscular volume, MCVr; corpuscular hemoglobin, CHr), using TSAT as reference. Results Iron deficiency was diagnosed in 9/64 cats (14%). A receiver‐operating characteristic curve analysis yielded a moderate discriminatory value for CHr in this diagnosis: area under the curve [AUC] = .75 (95% confidence interval, 0.48‐0.89); P = .006; sensitivity 67%, specificity 82% for a cutoff of 15.9 pg. This compared favorably to MCVr (AUC = .63; P = .29), MCV (AUC = .58; P = .45), MCH (AUC = .64; P = .19), and MCHC (AUC = .7; P = .03). Conclusion and Clinical Importance CHr added moderate value to the diagnosis of iron deficiency in cats with CKD.

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“…11 -14 This mechanism improves oxygenation and produces reactive oxygen species which may explain the systemic inflammation observed during profound anemia. 21,22…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Met-Hemoglobin Is a Biomarker for Poor Oxygen Delivery in Infants Following Surgical Palliation

Swartz

Makhija

Rubenstein

et al. 2019

World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg

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Background: Infants with cyanotic congenital heart disease demonstrate wide fluctuations in hemoglobin (Hb), oxygen saturation, and cardiac output following palliation. Methemoglobin (Met-Hb), the product of Hb oxidation, may represent a compensatory mechanism during hypoxia and may be utilized as a biomarker. Methods: Arterial and venous Met-Hb levels were obtained from infants requiring palliation. The primary outcome was to describe the relationship between Met-Hb and other indices of tissue oxygenation (venous saturation, estimated arteriovenous oxygen difference [Est AV-Diff], and lactate). Secondary outcomes were to determine the impact of elevated Met-Hb levels ≥1.0% and the effect of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion on Met-Hb levels. Results: Fifty infants and 465 Met-Hb values were studied. Venous Met-Hb levels were significantly higher than arterial levels (venous: 0.84% ± 0.36% vs arterial: 0.45% ± 0.18%; P < .001). Venous Met-Hb demonstrated a significant inverse relationship with venous oxygen saturation ( R = −0.6; P < .001) and Hb ( R = −0.3, P < .001) and a direct relationship with the Est AV-Diff ( R = 0.3, P < .001). A total of 129 (29.6%) venous Met-Hb values were elevated (≥1.0%) and were associated with significantly lower Hb and venous saturation levels and higher Est AV-Diff and lactate levels. Methemoglobin levels decreased significantly following 65 RBC transfusions (0.94 ± 0.40 vs 0.77 ± 0.34; P < .001). Linear mixed models demonstrated that higher venous Met-Hb levels were associated with lower measures of tissue oxygenation and not related to any preoperative clinical differences. Conclusion: Methemoglobin may be a clinically useful marker of tissue oxygenation in infants following surgical palliation.

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Investigation of iron status and markers of inflammation in anaemic and non‐anaemic hospitalised cats

Abstract: Anaemia is common in cats hospitalised in the intensive care unit. Systemic inflammation is also common in these cats. Iron status in anaemic cats suggests that anaemia of inflammatory disease may be a significant contributor to anaemia in this patient population.

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

Therapy of Pyothorax in Cats via Small-Bore Thoracostomy Tube in Terms of Efficacy, Complications and Outcomes

Therapy of Pyothorax in Cats via Small-Bore Thoracostomy Tube in Terms of Efficacy, Complications and Outcomes

Diagnostic value of reticulocyte indices for the assessment of the iron status of cats with chronic kidney disease

Met-Hemoglobin Is a Biomarker for Poor Oxygen Delivery in Infants Following Surgical Palliation

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