Investigation of ion-selective electrodes with neutral ionophores and ionic sites by EIS. I. Theory

Gabrielli, C.; Hémery, Patrick; Letellier, Pierre; Masure, Michèle; Perrot, Hubert; Rahmi, Marie-Isabelle; Turmine, Mireille

doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2004.04.006

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…To obtain an optimum working conditions, it is necessary to add a minimum concentration of mobile ionic sites in the sensing membrane. 25 The role of the lipophilic anion in cation-selective membranes containing an electrically neutral ionophore is to provide fixed negative sites in the membrane, which induce preselectivity to cations and exclude anions from the membrane, this phenomenon is called Donnan exclusion. 7 Then, the comparison of electrodes prepared by compositions 1, 3, and 5 shows the sensitivity is increasing as anion sites increased, while other compositions of weight ratios are fixed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the ratio of the anionic sites to ionophore in the membrane exceeds 90 mol %, the selectivity of the polymeric membrane electrode dropped dramatically. 25 Gabrielli et al studied the ratio of ionophore and anion sites in potassium ISE by impedance method in 2004. 25 They presented a conclusion on the ratio of the ionophore and anion sites in potassium ISE.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

All-Solid-State Separated Potassium Electrode Based on SnO[sub 2]/ITO Glass

Cheng

Chou

Sun

et al. 2007

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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An all-solid-state potassium electrode based on tin oxide ͑SnO 2 ͒/indium tin oxide ͑ITO͒ glass is developed in this paper. The sensing membrane of the electrode is prepared by mixing poly͑vinyl chloride͒ ͑PVC͒, bis͑2-ethylhexyl͒ sebacate ͑DOS͒, valinomycin ͑VAL͒, and potassium tetrakis͑p-chlorophenyl͒ borate ͑KTpClPB͒. The mixed solution is dissolved in tetrahydrofuran ͑THF͒. Then, it is dropped on the sensing window of SnO 2 /ITO glass. In addition, the Ag/AgCl wire, which is coated PVC membrane containing 3.5 M KCl powder, is used as a miniaturized reference electrode in this study. The optimum experiment of the potassium sensor is conducted by observing the characteristics of sensitivity and selectivity in different weight ratios. After the optimum experimental trials, the best weight ratio of the potassium sensor is PVC:DOS:VAL:KTpClPB ϭ 33:66:4:2. In this optimum condition, the sensitivity is 56.4 mV/decade with linear concentration range between 1 ϫ 10 −5 M and 1 M. The low detection limit of the sensor reaches to 8 ϫ 10 −6 M, and response time is Ͻ1 s. Moreover, the sensor is slight interfered by sodium, calcium, and magnesium ions. The pH variation does not affect its electromotive force in the range between pH 6 and pH 12. The sensor possesses reusable properties showing that it can be repeated, measuring 30 times.The chemical sensors have been developed for many years because those need a simple analytical technique for real application. The growing trend of chemical sensors is miniaturization and all solid state. 1-5 Among the chemical sensors, the potassium sensor is very important for the clinical and medical fields to detect the potassium ion concentration in serum, urine, and food. 2 The normal range of potassium ion concentration in the human serum is between 3.5 mM and 4.7 mM; hence, hypopotassemia, alkalosis, cirrhosis of liver, and diuretic drugs can be detected by measuring the potassium ion in blood. 6 The potassium sensors have been developed for many years; there are many types, such as ion selective electrode ͑ISE͒, ion sensitive field effect transistor ͑ISFET͒, and others types. Umezawas et al. summarized the papers on potassium ion sensors with different ionophores and membrane composition in the years between 1989 and 1997. 7 The performances of sensitivity and selectivity coefficients were summarized in Ref. 7. Afterward, many papers on potassium ion sensors were focused on ionophores and the membrane matrix. 8-10 In addition, the application of the all-solidstate potassium sensor is starting a trend because the device possesses advantages of a long lifetime, low cost, and short response time. Moreover, a miniaturized reference electrode, such as Ag/AgCl wire coated with a PVC membrane containing KCl powder, was used because the size of the miniaturized reference electrode is smaller than reference electrode with a liquid inner salt bridge, such as REF 251 ͑Radiometer, France͒, used in commercial applications. 5 Indium tin oxide ͑ITO͒ glass is a material of solar cell and thinfilm tra...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

All-Solid-State Separated Potassium Electrode Based on SnO[sub 2]/ITO Glass

Cheng

Chou

Sun

et al. 2007

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…It appears at a pH testing solution, which slope at a concentration of 5% is somewhat higher than the concentration of 4%. 41,42 …”

Section: Effects Of Sodium Salt Of Poly(anethol Sulfonic Acid)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Solid-state Reference Electrode Based on Sodium Polyanethol Sulfonate Immobilised on Cellulose Acetate

Alva¹,

Aziz²,

Syono³

et al. 2017

JPS

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“…Most of them present steady-state analytical solutions restricted to only one type of system and/or fixed number of species, e.g. derived for liquid ionic exchanger [9][10][11][12][13], or neutral carrier membranes [14,15] where authors developed inter alia the analytical solution for complex impedance of such membrane.…”

Section: Npp Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%