Investigation of In vitro Efficacy of Marrubium vulgare L. Essential Oil and Extracts Against Trichomonas vaginalis

Abstract

Background: Trichomoniasis is one of the most common nonviral sexually transmitted infections worldwide that its drug-resistant cases are on the rise. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiprotozoal activity of Marrubium vulgare essential oil and extracts against Trichomonas vaginalis. Methods: After preparation of essential oil and extracts of M. vulgare, five T. vaginalis isolates were subjected to susceptibility testing after 24 and 48 hours of incubation at 35.5°C under aerobic conditions. Results: The examined essential oil and extracts had potent antitrichomonal activities against T. vaginalis. After 48-hour exposure, the most antitrichomonal activity of M. vulgare preparations was related to the essential oil, with a mean minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 291 ± 136 µg/mL, followed by ethyl acetate (541 ± 197 µg/mL), methanol (1000 ± 0 µg/mL), and n-hexane (1500 ± 490 µg/mL) extracts, in comparison with metronidazole (with MICs ranging from 3.1 to 12.5 µg/mL). Conclusions: The findings of this study showed that the compounds of M. vulgare have significant activities against T. vaginalis parasite. Therefore, future studies are needed to clear more details about antitrichomonal properties of M. vulgare compounds

Biological activities of essential oil extracted from leaves of Atalantia sessiflora Guillauminin Vietnam

“…To this end, plant-based products are of great interest for the treatment of T. vaginalis and other parasites attributed to relatively similar therapeutic proficiency and high safety profile. Up to now, a limited number of essential oils have been tested in vitro on T.vaginalis, including [44,[54][55][56][57][58]. Among them, Ocimum basilicum shows one of the most efficient antitrichomonas activity, with 100% inhibition of of parasitic growth at a concentration of 30 mg/ml after 24 h of incubation [59].In the present work,the authors demonstrated that essential oil of A. sessiflora display a very good inhibitory effect on T. vaginalis, with IC50 value of 0.016% (v/v) after 48 hours, corresponding to 120 µg/ml.…”

In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil Extracted from Leaves of Leoheo domatiophorus Chaowasku, D.T. Ngo and H.T. Le in Vietnam

“…The biological activities of essential oils, mainly focused on the antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities [1,3]. Only a few essential oils, especially some species of the Lamiaceae family, have been investigated against Trichomonas [47][48][49][50][51]. Notably, our work on the antitrichomonas activity of L. domatiophorus oil, for the first time, demonstrated an effective inhibition against T. vaginalis.…”

Biological Activities of Essential Oils from Leaves of Paramignya trimera (Oliv.) Guillaum and Limnocitrus littoralis (Miq.) Swingle

“…However, the emergence of resistance has limited the effectiveness of this therapy [34,35]. Therefore, it is of critical importance to search for novel pharmaceutical alternatives to treat trichomoniasis successfully in clinical settings [36]. Only a few essential oils, especially some species of the Lamiaceae family, have been investigated against Trichomonas [32,[36][37][38][39].…”

“…Therefore, it is of critical importance to search for novel pharmaceutical alternatives to treat trichomoniasis successfully in clinical settings [36]. Only a few essential oils, especially some species of the Lamiaceae family, have been investigated against Trichomonas [32,[36][37][38][39]. Particularly, the essential oil of Marrubium vulgare displayed antitrichomonas activity with an average MIC value of 291 ± 136 µg/mL after 48 h of incubation [36].…”

“…Only a few essential oils, especially some species of the Lamiaceae family, have been investigated against Trichomonas [32,[36][37][38][39]. Particularly, the essential oil of Marrubium vulgare displayed antitrichomonas activity with an average MIC value of 291 ± 136 µg/mL after 48 h of incubation [36]. Hayam et al [37] investigated the in vitro effects of Ocimum basilicum essential oil on T. vaginalis trophozoites and showed its MLC values of 30, 20, and 10 µg/mL after 24 h, 48 h, and 96 h of incubation, respectively.…”