Investigation of Hydrogen Reduction for Metal Recovery from End-of-Life Lithium-Ion Batteries

Bhandari, Ganesh Shanker; Dhawan, Nikhil

doi:10.1007/s40831-022-00593-x

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Bhandari et al developed a high-temperature hydrogen reduction method to recover Li in ternary LIBs (NCM). [132] At 600 °C, the layered structure of NMC can be dissociated into the corresponding metal oxides or elemental metals. Waste LIBs powder was reduced by hydrogen in a tube furnace for 30-120 min.…”

Section: Methods For Recovering LImentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recovery Of Valuable Metals From Waste Li‐ion Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…b-c) SEM micrographs and d) EDS analysis of cathode-active powder, and reduced powder at optimum condition (710 °C, 60 min) and reduced powder at 900 °C, 60 min. Reproduced with permission [132]. Copyright 2022, Springer Nature.…”

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New Progresses in Efficient, Selective, and Environmentally Friendly Recovery of Valuable Metal from e‐Waste and Industrial Catalysts

Zheng,

Yang,

Chen

et al. 2024

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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Recycling metals from waste materials has become a major approach to metal resource utilization, with electronic waste (e‐waste) and waste catalysts being the most important recycling resources. Although traditional recovery technologies (pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy) have a recovery efficiency of up to 100%, they have disadvantages of high energy consumption, high cost, and strong corrosiveness. Most importantly, they cannot achieve selective leaching. To address these issues, some fusion technologies have been developed. Electrodeposition has significant advantages in separating and purifying each metal, but if applied on a large scale in industry, it requires higher energy consumption. While photocatalytic technology has low energy consumption but low selectivity, hence further exploration is needed. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) materials have great selectivity for metal ions, which are environmentally friendly and efficient, and a promising new material. Some recently typical recovery methods for six valuable metals, platinum (Pt), gold (Au), silver (Ag), lithium (Li), nickel (Ni), and cobalt (Co) in e‐waste and industrial catalysts are reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of each method as well as their impact on the leaching efficiency and selectivity of different metals are also compared, aiming to provide useful guidance for further continuously advancing the research on efficient, selective, environmentally friendly metal recycling in the future.

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Section: Methods For Recovering LImentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recovery Of Valuable Metals From Waste Li‐ion Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Progresses in Efficient, Selective, and Environmentally Friendly Recovery of Valuable Metal from e‐Waste and Industrial Catalysts

Zheng,

Yang,

Chen

et al. 2024

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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Hydrogen Reduction of LiCoO2 Cathode Material: Thermodynamic Analysis, Microstructure, and Mechanisms

Nuraeni

Avarmaa

Prentice

et al. 2023

Metall Mater Trans B

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Hydrogen is an alternative reductant to replace carbon for the production of metals. Reduction by hydrogen has advantages compared to carbothermic reduction, such as faster reaction rate and cleaner by-product (water vapor). This study investigated the application of hydrogen reduction for recycling and recovering cobalt and lithium from Li-ion battery cathode material (LiCoO2). The study consisted of thermodynamic simulations of the reactions and microstructure evolution analysis from experimental work to propose mechanisms of the reduction process. The thermodynamic assessment predicted that metallic Co could be generated from 400 °C and was stable up to 1200 °C, but strongly dependent on the molar amount of H2. The final experimental reduction products of lithium and cobalt were found to vary and consisted of Li2O, LiOH, Li2O2 and Co, CoO, Co3O4, respectively. The experimental work revealed that the overall reduction mechanism is uniquely characterized by the reduction temperature. The temperature range of 800 °C to 900 °C offered more benefit as Co could be generated as a larger mass indicating a more progressive reduction. The data and information obtained can help optimize the parameters in the recycling of Li-ion batteries.

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Life-cycle analysis of battery metal recycling with lithium recovery from a spent lithium-ion battery

Yoo

Lee

Kelly

et al. 2023

Resources, Conservation and Recycling

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Investigation of Hydrogen Reduction for Metal Recovery from End-of-Life Lithium-Ion Batteries

Cited by 5 publications

References 38 publications

New Progresses in Efficient, Selective, and Environmentally Friendly Recovery of Valuable Metal from e‐Waste and Industrial Catalysts

New Progresses in Efficient, Selective, and Environmentally Friendly Recovery of Valuable Metal from e‐Waste and Industrial Catalysts

Hydrogen Reduction of LiCoO2 Cathode Material: Thermodynamic Analysis, Microstructure, and Mechanisms

Life-cycle analysis of battery metal recycling with lithium recovery from a spent lithium-ion battery

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