Investigation of Hybrid Optical Amplifiers for Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexed System with Reduced Spacings at Higher Bit Rates

Abstract

This article proposes various combinations of optical amplifiers for a dense wavelength division multiplexed system and investigates the impact of reduced channel spacing at high bit rates in terms of quality factor, bit error rate, eye closure, and output power. It is reported that the hybrid optical amplifier (Raman-erbiumdoped fiber amplifier [EDFA]) provides better results with a maximum covered single span distance (220 km) at channel spacing of 6.25 GHz. The maximum acceptable bit rate for the 12.5-GHz channel spacing dense wavelength division multiplexed system is also investigated, and the recommendation is provided that for the Raman-EDFA, Raman-EDFA-Raman, EDFA-Raman-EDFA, and EDFA-semiconductor optical amplifier-EDFA, the operating bit rate should not be greater than 20, 16, 19, and 20 Gbps, respectively.

Survey of Hybrid Edfa/Raman in C and L Bands

“…Simulation results have shown that the maximum acceptable bit rate for the 12.5GHz channel spacing DWDM system with the Raman-EDFA, Raman-EDFA-Raman, and EDFA-Raman-EDFA, need not to be greater than 20, 16, and 19Gbps, respectively [22]. analyzed.…”

“…The simulated bit rate is at SONET/SDH rate (2.488Gbps) with a pseudorandom binary sequence. With respect to the overall power system performance, Raman-EDFA is found to have the best performance among the three types in the terms of quality factor, BER, and eye closure [22]. Shows the maximum single span distance of 220km which is achieved by Raman-EDFA amplifier at acceptable BER (4*10 10 ), quality factor (15.8 dB), and eye closure (2.23 dB) [22].…”

“…7 / enero-junio de 2017; pág. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] The wide-band-EDFA covers two or three bands since it separately amplifies optical signals of each band. Generally, EDFAs are used as line amplifiers which are composed of two or three gain stages.…”

On the Optimization of Raman Fiber Amplifier using Genetic Algorithm in the Scenario of a 64 nm 320 Channels Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexed System

“…Raman amplifiers can provide better results for L band amplification and better gain flattening because they can substantially reduce the impact of fiber nonlinearity [5]. Raman amplifiers have also been used for dense wavelength division multiplexed (DWDM) systems at high bit rates [6,7]. In [8,9] we have investigated the DWDM system at 10 Gbps data rate / channel.…”

Realization of High Speed All-Optical Half Adder and Half Subtractor Using SOA Based Logic Gates

“…Of the many nonlinear technologies investigated, semiconductor-based technologies are the most promising. SOA have been extensively investigated as basic building blocks because of their highly nonlinear characteristics and potential advantages of integration, compactness, reliability and cost effectiveness [5][6][7]. By using SOA as nonlinear medium, various all optical logic gates and complex circuits were proposed and also successfully implemented [8][9][10].…”