Investigation of histopathological and cytogenetic effects onLepomis gibbosus (Pisces: Perciformes) in the Çine stream (Aydın/Turkey) with determination of water pollution

Abstract

Water quality and the distribution of some heavy metals in three different organs of Lepomis gibbosus from the Cine Stream were studied. Also, histopathological changes in gill, liver, and muscle tissue were examined at light microscopical level. Micronucleus (MN) formation in fish erytrocytes, as an indicator of chromosomal damage, has been increasingly used to detect the genotoxic potential of environmental contaminants. The frequency of MN was examined from samples of fish from the Cine Stream and a control group. MN frequency was higher in fish samples caught from the Cine Stream than that in the control group. The chemicals ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, orthophosphate, and sulphate were determined as parameters that possibly affect the gill, liver, and muscle morphology. Zn was the most accumulated metal in tissues as well as in water. Maximum metal accumulation occurred in both liver and gills. For histopathological examinations, samples of gills, liver, and muscle tissues of L. gibbosus were studied by using light microscopy. In this study, a significant decrease in mean length of primary and secondary lamellae were observed. Moreover, cellular proliferation developed with secondary lamellae fusion, ballooning degenerations or club deformation of secondary lamellae, as well as distribution of necrotic, hyperplastic and clavate secondary lamellae. In the liver, altered staining, swollen and ruptured parenchymal cells, loss of cord structure, reduce of glycogen in hepatocytes, and vacuolar structure filled with cellular debris and many dark particles were seen. In muscle tissue, focal necrosis, cellular dissolution, and a decline or loss of striation in muscle fibres were found.

Genotoxic effects of water pollution on two fish species living in Karasu River, Erzurum, Turkey

“…Micronuclei and binuclei frequencies were significantly elevated in fish exposed to water from polluted areas. In a study by Koca et al (2005) to determine genetic damage in Lepomis gibbosus in the Çine stream (Aydın/Turkey), it was reported that genetic damage existed by examining MN in fish erythrocytes.…”

Impact assessment of some heavy metals on tilapia fish, Oreochromis niloticus, in Burullus Lake, Egypt

“…Studies related to the bioaccumulation of metals in tissues demonstrated the variation of metal accumulations (Watanabe et al, 2003, Masoud et al, 2007and Younis et al, 2015. Moreover, Koca et al (2005) postulated that the accumulation patterns of contaminants in fish and other aquatic organisms depend on both uptake and elimination rates of contaminants. Bioaccumulation of metals may lead to high mortality rate or cause many biochemical and histological alterations in the survived fish (Rashed, 2001a;Rashed, 2001b andSoltan et al, 2005).…”

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“…The results of this study indicated that O. niloticus have a selective maintenance of metals in their tissues. Koca et al (2005) reported that the bioaccumulation patterns of a certain pollutant in the aquatic biota depend mainly on the uptake and removal rates of this pollutant. Bioavailability of the studied metals was observed to be tissue specific with different accumulation patterns.…”